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Chemistry > 3A. Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

3A. Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

1
Q

Acids means

A

Sour

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2
Q

Bases includes

A

Metallic oxides and Hydroxides

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3
Q

How are salts formed?

A

Replacement of hydrogen ions of corresponding acids of metallic ions.

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4
Q

Define an acid? (Simple)

A
  1. When dissolved in water -> hydronium ion (H3O+)

2. That should be the only + ve ions.

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5
Q

Define a base? (Simple)

A
  1. Reacts with hydronium ions of acid.

2. Gives Salt and Water only.

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6
Q

Classify the following as Alkalis or Insoluble bases:

  1. ZnO
  2. PbO
  3. NaOH
  4. Ca(OH)2
  5. NH4(OH)
  6. Fe(OH)2
  7. CuO
  8. Cu(OH)2
A

5, 4, 2 -> Alkali

1, 6, 3, 7 and 9 -> Insoluble bases

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7
Q

5 Basis for classificaton

A
  1. Source of acids
  2. Molecular comparison of acids
  3. Basis of strength
  4. Basis of concentration
  5. Basis of acidity and basicity
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8
Q

Source of acids ->

A
  1. Organic’

2. Inorganic -> Aka Mineral acids

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9
Q

Molecular comparison ->

A
  1. Hydraciods -> Shouldnt have Oxygen

2. Oxyacids

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10
Q

Strength of Acids depends on

A

Concentration of Hydronium Ions present in aqueaous solution.

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11
Q

Strenght of Alkali depends on

A

Concentration of Hydroxyl Ions present in an aqueous solution.

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12
Q

Strong acids:

A 
So No class Brings In 
H2SO4
HNO3
HCl
Hbr
HI
HClO3
HClO4
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13
Q

Which contains solute molecules in addition to water molecules?

A

Strong alkali

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14
Q

Define a strong acids

A

Disasosciates almost completely in aq solution -> High conc. of H+ ions.

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15
Q

Define a strong Base

A

Disasosciates almost completely in aq solution -> High conc. of OH- ions.

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16
Q

Strong acids and bases contains _______.

A

Almost only ions.

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17
Q

Weak acids and bases contains ________.

A

Contains molecules and Ions.

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18
Q

Define weak acids

A

Disasosciates partially in aq solution -> Low conc. of H+ ions.

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19
Q

Define weak alkali

A

Disasosciates partially in aq solution -> Low conc. of OH- ions.

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20
Q

Concentration:

A

Concentratedd and Dilute

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21
Q

Concentration of more than 1 mol/litre

A

Concentrated

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22
Q

Concentration of less than 1 mol/litre

A

Dilute

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23
Q

Define Dilute/Concentrated acid/alkali

A

Relatively Low/high % of acid/alkali in aq solution.

different from strength

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24
Q

Basicity -> It is a whole number value.

A

No of H ions -> Produced in aq solution/molecule.

No of OH- ions -> With which one molecule of acids can combine.

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25
Q

Acidity -> It is a whole number value

A

No of OH ions -> Produced in aq solution/Molecule

No of H ions -> With which one molecule of acids can combine.

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26
Q

Acetic acid has _____ hydrogen ions and ______ replacable hydrogen ions.

A

4 and 1

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27
Q

Bases always dissasciate in ______ step.

A

One.

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28
Q

No of steps involved in acids is

A

Equal to its basicity.

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29
Q

No of salts that can be formed by an acid is

A

Equal to its basicity and 1 salt is always neutral.

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30
Q

Name the compound:

  1. NaH2PO4
  2. Na2HPO4
A
  1. Monosodium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. Disodium hydrogen phosphate.

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31
Q

2 theories:

A
  1. Arrhenius theory

2. Lowry Brownsted theory

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32
Q

Arrhenius theory:

A
  1. Dissasciate in aq solution to give H+ Ions -> Same as simple def. but there it is H3O+
  2. Strong acids dissociate completely; Weak -> Dissociate partially.
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33
Q

Lowry Brownsted theory:

A
  1. Acids are PROTON Donors

2. Bases are PROTON acceptors.

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34
Q

Examples of Neutral oxides:

A

CO, NO and H2O

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35
Q

Which acids and bases are highly corrosive?

A

Mineral acids and Caustic aLKALIS

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36
Q

Define neutralization (ionic):

A
  1. H+ Ions of an acid reacts with OH- Ions of a base to give salt and water only.
  2. Acids are proton donors and Bases are proton acceptors.
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37
Q

Heat of Neutralization is

A

The amount of heat when 1 gram of acid or a base is neutralized.

38
Q

Use of the following acids:

  1. Boric acid
  2. Citric acid
  3. Oxalic acid
  4. Carbonnic Acid
  5. Tartaric acid
  6. Hydrochloric acid
  7. Vinegar (acetic acid)
A
  1. Eye wash
  2. Food preservation
  3. Ink stain remover
  4. Flavoring drinks
  5. Baking powder
  6. Pickling of metals
  7. Cooking
39
Q

Which acids are used in?

  1. Eye wash
  2. Food preservation
  3. Ink stain remover
  4. Flavoring drinks
  5. Baking powder
  6. Pickling of metals
  7. Cooking
A
  1. Boric acid
  2. Citric acid
  3. Oxalic acid
  4. Carbonnic Acid
  5. Tartaric acid
  6. Hydrochloric acid
  7. Vinegar (acetic acid)
40
Q

Acid rain has a Ph

A

Less than 5.6

41
Q

Acid rain is a mixture of

A

Suphuric, Sulphurous and Nitric, Nitrous

42
Q

Disadvantages of acid rain?

A
  1. Depletes soil nutrients
  2. Increases acidity
  3. Reduce fertility
  4. Marine life damage
  5. Material damage
43
Q

NO is formed in ______.

A

High temperatures.

  1. Combustion engines
  2. Lightning
44
Q

H2O + NO2 ->

A

HNO2 + HNO3

45
Q

To form only HNO3?

A

NO2 + H2O + O2

46
Q

Indicators are

A

Weak organic compounds.

47
Q

Indicators can be

A

Acids or Bases.

48
Q

Indicators produce

A

Ions and Undissociated molecules.

49
Q

Colors of ______ produced is dependent on hydrogen ion concentration of the Ph

50
Q

Kw, Concentration of H and OH at 25 degree celcius

A

10^-14, 10^-7 and 10^-7.

51
Q

pH definition:

A

Negative logarithm of the H+ concentration expressed in Moles/litre

52
Q

Universal Indicator:

A

VIBGYOR with G as neutral

53
Q

2 types of Indicators:

A

Common Acid-Base indicators and Universal Indicators

54
Q

Examples of Common acid-base indicator ->

A

Litmus, Methyl Orange, Phenophthalein

55
Q

Examples of Universal Indicators ->

A

pH paper or solution -> Organic dyes or mixed indicators.

56
Q

Utilities -> Acid base indicators:

A
  1. Acid or base
  2. No Strength can be identified
  3. Cant differentiate the pH value of different solutions Change the ph at different levels abruptly.
57
Q

Litmus indicator->

A

Coloring matter obtained from certain lichens

58
Q

Litmus solution prep:

A

0.5 gm of litmus in 1 litre of distilled water and then filtering.

59
Q

Neutral colors of the following is:

  1. Litmus
  2. Methyl orange
  3. Phenophalein
A
  1. Purple
  2. Orange
  3. Colorless
60
Q

Acid colors of the following is:

  1. Litmus
  2. Methyl orange
  3. Phenophalein
A
  1. Red
  2. Pink
  3. Colorless
61
Q

Alkaline colors of the following is:

  1. Litmus
  2. Methyl orange
  3. Phenophalein
A
  1. Blue
  2. Yellow
  3. Pink
62
Q

Uses of Ph values and indiactors

A
  1. Agriculture
  2. Dairies
  3. Tech
  4. Medicine -> Diagnosis
63
Q

Citrus fruits require _______ soil.
Rice requires _______ soil.
Sugarcane requires _____– soil.

A

Alkaline
Acidic
Neutral

64
Q

When is a milk said to be sour?

A

When its ph is less than 6.6.

65
Q

Define Salt:

A
  1. Formed by partial/complete replacement of the replacable hydrogen ion of an acid.
  2. Yields + Ion other than H and -ve IOn other than OH-
66
Q

Acid salt ->

A

Partial replacement of H+(Replacable) by a basic radical (metallic or ammonium ion)
The ammount of base taken is insufficeint.

67
Q

Which is taken insufficient in prep. of acid salt?

A

Amount of Base.

68
Q

Normal Salt ->

A

Complete replacement of H+(Replacable) by a basic radical (metallic or ammonium ion)
The ammount of base taken is excess.

69
Q

Basic Salt ->

A

Partial replacement of hydroxyl radicals of a diacidic or triacidic base with an acid radical.

70
Q

Basic Copper Nitrate

A

Cu [OH] NO3

71
Q

How is double salt formed and what does it contain?

A

Mixing saturated solutions of 2 simple salts followed by crystallization of the solution.
Mixture of 2 simple salts.

72
Q

Alum

A

K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O

73
Q

Mohr’s salt (Ferrous ammonium sulphate)

A

(NH4)2 SO4 . FeSO4. 6H2O

74
Q

How is Mixed salt formed and what does it contain?

A

No. 2 or more basic or acid radical.

75
Q

Bleeching powder

76
Q

Sodium Potassium carbonate

77
Q

How is Complex salt formed and what does it contain?

A

Mixing saturated solutions of simple salts followed by crystallization of the solution.
Simple ion and Complex ion.

78
Q

Potassium mercuric iodide

A

K2[HgI4]
Nessler reagent.
Used to test ammonium gas.

79
Q

What is Nessler’s Reagent

A

Potassium Mercuic iodide.

80
Q

Gypsum

A

CaSO4.2H2O

81
Q

Blue Vitriol

A

CuSO4.5H2O

82
Q

CaCl2. ___ H2O

83
Q

Epsom

A

MgSO4 . 7H2O

84
Q

Glauber’s salt

A

Na2SO4 . 10H2O

85
Q

Washing soda

A

Na2CO3 . 10H2O

86
Q

Water of crystallization

A
  1. Amount of water molecules -> enters into loose chemical combination with one molecule of the salt.
  2. Formed on crystallization from its aqueous solution.
87
Q

Deliquesecnce

A
  1. Water soluble

2. Absorb moisture and dissolve in it and changes into a solution.

88
Q

Example of Deliquescent salts:

A
  1. FeCl3, CaCl2 (anhydrous), MgCl2, ZnCl2, **Cu(NO3)2.
89
Q

Efflorescence ->

A

Exposure to atmosphere -> Lose their WOC and changes into a powder.

90
Q

Example of Effloroscence

A

Epsom, Blue vitriol, Glauber’s salt, Washing soda.

91
Q

Volatile acids ->

A

HCl, HNO3 and H2CO3

92
Q

Methyl Orange changes color abruptly between

Chemistry (6 decks)

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