3A Flashcards by Kassandra Strong

___ ___ is the version of Microsoft’s Operating System currently used by the Air Force.

Windows Server

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Designed to power the next generation of networks, applications, and Web services, Windows® Server helps administrators develop, deliver, and manage rich user experiences and applications. It provides a highly ____ ____ ____ and increases technological
efficiency within an organization.

secure network infrastructure

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What are the features in Windows Server that make it a versatile operating system?

Centralized administration
Centralized management of resources
Security
Scalability and compatibility
Reliability
Fault tolerance and recovery

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The benefits of each enhanced feature allow Windows® Server to be a more reliable and powerful operating system on our networks. Part of the Windows® Server is the use of ____.

Domains

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A Windows Domain is a network where all user accounts, computers, and printers are registered in a central database located on one or more specialized servers known as ___ ___.

Domain Controllers

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Domains give network administrators a way to manage large numbers of PCs and to also…?

control them from one location

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What does AD stand for?

Active Directory

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Active Directory is a powerful tool allowing multiple sites, domains, and even the Internet to fully ____.

integrate

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A directory is a ___ ___ ___ and associates’ characteristics, like a telephone directory. A file system directory organizes files and their associated characteristics such as file size, owner, type, and permissions.

list organizing resources

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Active Directory (AD) is a ___ ___ (not just a directory) utilizing the same concepts stated above to store information about all network resources such as servers, printers, individual user accounts, groups of user accounts, security policies, and other information across a domain.

directory service

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AD is an advanced ___ directory service proprietary to Microsoft used for managing permissions and user/group access to network resources. From an administrator’s point of view, Active Directory provides a simple, ___ design administered from a single location.

hierarchical

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As a directory service, Active Directory is responsible for providing a central listing of resources and ways to quickly find and access specific resources. Therefore, users do not have to what…?

Keep track of which server holds which resource

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Active Directory has a ___-___ ___ like the hierarchy of folders and subfolders in a directory structure. It consists of forests, trees, domains, organizational units, objects, and sites.

tree-like structure

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The key to understanding Active Directory is based on understanding its structural terms. The Active Directory service provides both logical and physical structures for grouping network components. The largest and most comprehensive is the ___ structure.

physical structure

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These are groupings of objects based on how they logically function together. Grouping resources logically enables finding a resource by its name rather than its physical location

Active Directory Logical Structure

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What are the components that make up the Active Directory Logical Structure?

Partition
Schema
Domain
Domain Tree
Forest
Forest Root
Organizational Unit
Objects
Leaf

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In simple words a directory ___ is where the AD information is segregated and logically stored.

Partition

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Every domain controller contains three directory partitions:

Configuration: Contains the configuration container, which stores configuration objects for the entire forest.
Schema: Contains the schema container, which stores class and attribute definitions for all existing and possible Active Directory objects
Domain: Contains a < domain > container (for example, the Reskit.com container), which stores users, computers, groups, and other objects for a specific Windows 2000 domain.

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The schema for Active Directory consists of a set of object classes, attributes, and syntaxes stored in ____. The schema also defines rules that ensure that objects are created and modified with consistency.

Containers

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Each type of object in Active Directory is defined through the schema, which is the template of ____ (like a small database of information associated with that object).

attributes

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Attributes define the types of information that an object can hold. For example, a user account schema could be made up of…?

logon name, password, organization, and email address.

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A domain is a logical structure based on the requirements of an organization.

organization

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Domains are established on a network to make it easier to organize and manage ___ and ___.

resources and security

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A Domain is also a group of users, servers, and other resources sharing a ___ ___ of account and security information.

centralized database

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Keep in mind a domain is not confined by ___ ___, but it can represent a group of users and computers either located at a single physical location or users and computers in many locations.

geographical/physical boundaries

A domain is more than just a logical grouping — it is a logical security boundary with access to its objects controlled by an ___ ___ ___ (ACL).

Access Control List

An ACL is populated with entries for users and groups that indicate their ___ ___.

access permissions

A ___ ___ is simply a collection of one or more domains that share a common namespace. The fx.movie.edu and movie.edu domains would be considered part of the movie.edu domain tree.

Domain tree

Active Directory enables the organization of multiple domains hierarchically in a ___ ___.

tree structure

At the base is the ___ ___ or ___. From the root domain, child domains branch out to separate groups of objects with the same security policies. Under the child domains, multiple organizational units branch out to further subdivide the network systems.

root domain or parent

At the top of the Active Directory structure is the ___ -- the collection of one or more domain trees.

Forest

A ____ is a collection of trees sharing a common global catalog, directory schema, logical structure, and directory configuration.

Forest

The forest represents the ___ ___ within which users, computers, groups, and other objects are accessible. It is the outermost boundary of the directory service.

security boundary

The ___ domain created in the AD forest is automatically designated as the forest root domain

First

The forest root domain provides the ____ for the AD infrastructure.

foundation

The forest root domain must be created before any of the ____ domains.

regional

In addition, services running on the forest root domain controllers must be ___ ___ to ensure users maintain access to resources throughout the forest. The forest owner is responsible for deploying the forest root domain.

highly available

If the AD forest design requires only one domain, then the forest root domain will also contain ____ users, groups, and resources.

all users, groups and resources

In a ___ AD domain design, the forest root domain can be a dedicated root used only for administration of the forest or it can contain users, groups, and resources in addition to the forest administration accounts.

multiple

After deploying the forest root domain, the forest owner will create one or more regional domains to complete the AD forest hierarchy. Domains created after the root in a Windows® Server hierarchy are known as ___ ___.

child domains

An organizational unit (OU) is a ___ ___ an Active Directory into which you can place users, groups, computers, and other organizational units.

subdivision within an AD

An ___ is the basic element of Active Directory in Microsoft Windows that represents something on the network, such as a user, a group, a computer, an application, a printer, or a shared folder.

Object

In Active Directory, an object represents a ___ ___ and its attributes.

single entity

Everything stored in Active Directory is stored as an ____.

object

Objects can be organized into ___ or ___.

object classes logical object groupings

Objects have attributes that define and describe them. For example, the attributes of a user object might include the user’s name, e-mail address, and phone number. All objects of the same type or class have the same set of attributes, but they are distinguished from each other by having different...?

values for at least one of these attributes

Some objects are container objects. This means the object can...?

hold other objects

___ and ___ are both examples of container objects.

organizational units and domains

Administrators use Active Directory to store and organize objects on a network into a secure logical hierarchical ___ ___.

containment structure

A leaf describes an ____ of a branch in Active Directory.

endpoint

Leaf objects (or ___ ___) are found in containers such as organizational units (OUs) and cannot contain other directory objects.

terminal objects

A leaf in Active Directory is an object ___ ___ ___ ___ and signifies an endpoint of a tree or subtree.

not storing other objects

When designing Active Directory, consideration needs to be made on its physical structure. The physical structure of Active Directory defines how the domains are...?

physically connected or structure to each other

List the ways in which Active Directory domains are physically connected to one another?

Sites Domain Controller Global Catalog Server Member Servers Domain Clients

A site maps the physical structure of a network where domains map the ____ structure of an organization.

logical structure

Active Directory sites are defined as a range of __ ___.

IP subnets

For example, a site in one city can be defined as the subnet range of 192.168.10.0 to 192.168.20.0. Another site in another city on the other side of a WAN that links them could be 172.20.10.0 to 172.20.20.0. Both sites can be part of the same domain, but they may be part of different networks. This is one of the biggest benefits of Active Directory; domains can span geography with different topologies connected by WAN links and still be ___ __ __ ___.

transparent to the user

A ___ ___ is a Microsoft Windows Server that manages the domain security policy.

domain controller

Users and computers that need to obtain access to network resources within the domain must be ____ by a domain controller in the domain.

authenticated

All domain controllers contain a complete, ___ ___ of the Active Directory information for the domain in which they are installed.

writable copy

A domain controller ___ ___ in the Active Directory database and enables users to log on to the domain, be authenticated for accessing resources in the domain, and search the directory for information about users and network resources.

manages information

Domain controllers are the most important server on a network; without them, there is no ____. There will normally be more than one domain controller within a network so if one fails there are others to store the Active Directory structure and authenticate users.

structure

Each domain controller includes objects and object attributes unique to its domain. To allow access to network resources in other domains within a tree or forest, you must be able to locate them. A ___ ___ ___ allows administrators to accomplish that task.

global catalog server

Global catalog servers include Active Directory objects from ____ domains in a forest.

all domains in a forest

A global catalog server is normally the ____ domain controller loaded into the domain

first

A global catalog server will store a full replica of every object within its own domain and a ___ ___ of each object within every domain within the forest. This allows computers in one domain to locate and access resources in a different domain.

partial replica

If a global catalog is not available when a user initiates a network logon process, the user can log on only to the ____ computer.

local

There must be a global catalog server available so users can log on and locate Active Directory resources. It is recommended at least ____ global catalog server be available per site to speed up the processes.

one

A member server does not contain a copy of the domain directory database or Security Account Manager (SAM) database because?

it has its own local security database

____ servers are usually used for dedicated network purposes such as file and print servers, application servers, database servers, or web servers.

Member servers

A domain client is a computer that has an account in Active Directory. It can run the user’s ___ ___ and allow the user to gain access to resources in the domain.

desktop environment