3_Empirical Understanding of Digital Trade

Question 1

Name some Databases for digital trade

Answer 1

• Digital Trade Agreement
  o TAPED
  o E-Commerce Analysis
• Digital Trade Policy
  o ECIPE’s Digital Trade Estimates (DTE)
  o OECD’s Digital Service Trade Restricitvness Index (DSTRI)
• Digital Trade Infrastrucute
  o ITU’s Wolrd Telecommunicatuon Indicators Database
  o WB’s ICT indicators

Question 2

What is TAPED and what does it provide?

Answer 2

• Trade Agreement Provision on electronic E-Commerce and Data
• Detailed mapping and coding of all preferential trade agreements

Question 3

What are the key features of TAPED?

Answer 3

• Evaluation of the normative degree of all codified clause
• Provision if information such as the number of clauses and the word count of the chapters on e-commerce or digital trade

Question 4

What are the classification criteria of the Digital Trade Agreement- E-Commerce Analysis?

Answer 4

Categories, countries or treaty regions

Question 5

What is the Digital Trade Estimates (DTE) of the European centre for international political economy (ECIPE)?

Answer 5

• Comprehensive database for digital trade policy
• Divided into 4 categories

Question 6

What are the four categories of the ECIPE’s DTE?

Answer 6

1. Final Restircitons:
   o Tariffs and trade defence, taxation and subsidies, public procurement
2. Establishment restircitons
   o Foreign investment, IPR, competition policy, business mobility
3. Restricitons on data
   o Data policies, intermediary liability, content access
4. Trading restircitons
   o Qquantitative trade restrictions; Standards; online sales and transactions

Question 7

What is the Digital Trade Restiveness Index (DTRI)?

Answer 7

• An index based on the DTE database
• Values on how open a country Is to digital trade (1 = fully closed; 0 = fully open)

Question 8

What countries have a restrictive regime for digital trade?

Answer 8

• China, followed by Russia, India, Indonesia and Vietnam
• Typically emerging economies

Question 9

What countries have a open regime for digital trade?

Answer 9

• New Zeeland, Iceland, Norway, Ireland
• Smaller economies who are open to international trade and investments

Question 10

What are the implications from the DTRI?

Answer 10

• Smaller, opener and service oriented countries are embracing the global digital transformation
• Bigger and emerging countries are more sceptic and are implementing more restrictions

Question 11

What are the 5 measurments of the OECD DSTRI?

Answer 11

1. Infrastrucutre and connectivity
   o Restricitions related to interconnection on communication infrastructure
2. Electronic transactions
   o Barriers affecting electronic transactions
3. Payment systems
   o Payments made through electronic means
4. Intellectual property rights
   o Domestic plicies related to the protection and enforcement of trademarks
5. Other barriers to trade in digitally enabled services