2_ Development of Digital Trade Flashcards
What was the effect of Covid 19 on Digital trade?
Due to various policy responses and restrictions regarding the movement and other interventions to protect public health, people spend more time online and digital solutions became essential for remote activities
Why has there been an expansion in e-commerce in advanced and developing economies?
Increasing inequalities in income, economic development, access to technology,…
What are the policy implications on Digital Trade due to Covid?
- Collaboration of governments and international development partners to enhance national digital readiness
- Unilateral policies through domestic legislation (cybersecurity laws)
- Bi-/Multilateral agreements (Digital trade agreements)
What is the definition of the WTO for E-Commerce?
The WTO defines the cross-border movement of goods and digital content via the internet as E-commerce
Why is there a significant divide between developed and developing countries?
- Countries who have established digital trade agreements through RTAs (Regional trade agreement) have favorable positions in WTO negotiations
- When a clause of one agreement gets established in various trade agreements, they develop into being a norm and the country who established it first, has an advantage.
What are major complexities in Digital Trade Negotiations?
- Corss-border data flows and data location
- Online consumer protection, privacy, cybersecurity
- Open government data
What are the most common digital trade topics in RTAs
Privacy, data protection, consumer protection, electronic authentication, paperless trading, cross-border data flow and cybersecurity
What is the DEPA?
Digital Economy Partnership Agreement
What is the RCEP?
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
What is the AfCFTA?
African Continental Free Trade Area
What is the USMCA?
United States-Mexico-Canada- Agreement
What are the characteristics of the USMCA?
- Most comprehensive agreement there is
- First-of-its-kid agreement that includes strong commitments
What are the rules in the USMCA?
- Prohibiting cumstoms duties and other discriminatory measurements
- Data can be transferred across borders
- Permitting the use of electronic authentification
- Protecting consumer information
Why is Data Localization so important?
Cybersecurity, protection of oublic data and privacy, and the safeguardin of domestic ICT industries
Why is it a problem, when personal informations are transferred other countries with other legal systems?
Risk of privacy violations or breaches of personal data
