3.8.3 using genome projects

Question 1

What have sequencing projects read?

Answer 1

The genomes of a wide range of organisms, including humans.

Question 2

What can be determined from the genome of simpler organisms?

Answer 2

The sequences of the proteins that derive from the genetic code (the proteome).

Question 3

What is two application of determining the proteome?

Answer 3

Identification of potential antigens for use in vaccine production.

identify microbes that can be used for making biofuels or cleaning up pollution

Question 4

What complicates the translation of genome knowledge into the proteome in complex organisms?

Why is it easier to determine the genome and proteome of simple organisms compared to complex ones

Answer 4

The presence of non-coding DNA and regulatory genes.

Prokaryotic organisms have circular DNA without histones
Fewer genes
Prokaryotic organism do not have introns

Question 5

How have sequencing methods evolved?

Answer 5

They are continuously updated and have become automated.

shotgun sequence –> Bioinformatics (computer)

Question 6

the importance of genome sequencing projects

Answer 6

Provides information on diseases and predisposition to diseases - this can allow early intervention.

Can be used to identify the right drugs to use to treat disease (personalised medicine).

Comparative genomics – the genome sequence of different species is compared

understand evolutionary relationship

Question 7

main finding from human early genome project

Answer 7

sequence of base of each chromosome
fewer than expected : lots of non- coding DNA

Question 8

Names of non coding region between and within genes

Answer 8

Non coding region within genes : introns
Non coding region between genes : multiple tandem repeat of base sequence