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BIOL Unit 6 Campbell > 38 Chapter > Flashcards

38 Chapter Flashcards

1
Q

Sporophytes

A

Spore-producing plants

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2
Q

Gametophytes

A

Gamete-producing plants

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3
Q

Three key derived traits of angiosperm reproduction (the three Fs):

A

Flowers
Double Fertilization
Fruits

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4
Q

Flowers are…

A

The reproductive shoots of angiosperm sporophytes

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5
Q

Receptacle

A

Part of the stem where all the floral organs are attached

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6
Q

Reproductive floral organs:

A

Carpels
Stamens

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7
Q

Sterile floral organs:

A

Sepals
Petals

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8
Q

Components of a carpel:

A

An ovary at its base and a long, slender neck called the style. At the top of the style is a sticky structure called the stigma that captures pollen.

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9
Q

Ovules

A

Are within the ovary. Become seeds if fertilized.

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10
Q

Pistil

A

Term used to refer to a single carpel or two or more fused carpels.

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11
Q

Chamber

A

Component of the ovary containing the ovule in the carpel..

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12
Q

A stamen consists of…

A

A stalk called the filament and a terminal structure called the anther.

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13
Q

Anther

A

Contains chambers called microsporangia

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14
Q

Microsporangia

A

Pollen sacs that produce pollen.

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15
Q

Petals are typically more brightly colored than sepals and advertise the flower to insects and other animal pollinators.

A

True

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16
Q

Sepals function

A

Enclose and protect unopened floral buds

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17
Q

Complete flowers

A

Have all four basic floral organs

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18
Q

Incomplete flowers

A

Lack a sepal, petal, stamen, or carpel.

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19
Q

Sterile flowers

A

Lacking functional stamens and carpels

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20
Q

Unisexual

A

Lacking either stamens or carpels

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21
Q

Inflorescence

A

A group of flowers tightly clustered together

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22
Q

Embryo sac

A

Female gametophyte (structure that produces female gametes)

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23
Q

Integuments

A

Layers of protective sporophytic tissue that will develop into the seed coat

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24
Q

Micropyle

A

Gap between integuments and the megasporangium.

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25
Q

Megasporocyte

A

Megaspore mother cell

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26
Q

Megaspores

A

Products of megasporocyte meiosis

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27
Q

Microsporocytes

A

Microspore mother cells

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28
Q

Microspores

A

Give rise to a haploid male gametophyte

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29
Q

Components of a pollen grain

A

A generative cell
The tube cell
The spore wall

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30
Q

Pollen grain

A

A structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.

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31
Q

Spore wall

A

Consists of material produced by both the microspore and the anther, usually exhibits an elaborate pattern unique to the species.

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32
Q

During maturation of the male gametophyte, the generative cell passes into the tube cell.

A

True

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33
Q

Pollination

A

The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.

34
Q

Pollen tube

A

A long cellular protuberance that delivers sperm to the female gametophyte.

35
Q

Fertilization

A

The fusion of gametes; Occurs after the two sperm reach the female gametophyte

36
Q

Endosperm

A

A food-storing tissue of the seed

37
Q

Double fertilization

A

The union of the two sperm cells with different nuclei of the female gametophyte

38
Q

Cotyledons

A

Seed leaves

39
Q

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma is accomplished by:

A

Wind
Water
Animals

40
Q

Coevolution

A

The joint evolution of two interacting species, each in response to selection imposed by the other

41
Q

From seed to flowering plant includes the processes of…

A

Endosperm development
Embryo development
Seed dormancy
Seed germination
Seedling development
Flowering

42
Q

Suspensor

A

Helps in transferring nutrients to the embryo from the parent plant

43
Q

Spherical proembryo

A

Early embryo

44
Q

Dormancy

A

When the embryo stops growing and its metabolism nearly ceases.

45
Q

Dormancy is imposed by the presence of an intact ____________ rather than by the embryo itself

A

Seed coat

46
Q

Hypocotyl

A

The embryonic axis where the two cotyledons are attached

47
Q

Radicle

A

Embryonic root

48
Q

Epicotyl

A

The portion of the embryonic axis above where the cotyledons are attached and below the first pair of miniature leaves

49
Q

Plumule

A

Epicotyl
Young leaves
Shoot apical meristem

50
Q

Scutellum

A

Specialized cotyledon; small shield

51
Q

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed within two protective sheathes:

A

Coleoptile
Coleorhiza

52
Q

Coleoptile

A

Covers the young shoot

53
Q

Coleorhiza

A

Covers the young root

54
Q

Imbibition

A

The uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed.

55
Q

Fruit

A

The mature ovary of a flower.

56
Q

Pericarp

A

The thickened wall of the fruit

57
Q

Simple fruits

A

Are derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels.

58
Q

Aggregate fruit

A

Results from a single flower that has more than one separate carpel, each forming a small fruit

59
Q

Fruitlets

A

Small fruits (like raspberry)

60
Q

Multiple fruit

A

Develops from an inflorescence

61
Q

Accessory fruits

A

When other floral parts contribute to the fruit

62
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

A process where offspring are derived from a single parent without fusion of egg and sperm.

63
Q

Fragmentation

A

The separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole planta

64
Q

Apomixis

A

A mechanism of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without pollination or fertilization.

65
Q

Asexual reproduction in plants is also known as _____________

A

Vegetative reproduction

66
Q

Staminate flowers

A

Lacking carpels

67
Q

Carpellate flowers

A

Lacking stamens

68
Q

Dioecious species

A

Plants cannot self-fertilize because different individuals have either staminate flowers or carpellate flowers.

69
Q

Self-incompatibility

A

The ability of a plant to reject its own pollen and the pollen of closely related individuals

70
Q

Recognition of “self” pollen is based on genes called S-genes

A

Truue

71
Q

Two types of self-incompatibility

A

Gametophytic
Sporophytic

72
Q

In gametophytic self-incompatibility,…

A

The S-allele in the pollen genome governs the blocking of fertilization.

73
Q

In sporophytic self-incompatibility,…

A

Fertilization is blocked by S-allele gene products in tissues of the parental sporophyte.

74
Q

Totipotent

A

Any cell that can divide and asexually generate a clone of the original organism in a multicellular organism.

75
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

The type of vegetative reproduction in which humans interfere.

76
Q

Callus

A

Where adventitious roots develop

77
Q

Stock

A

The plant that provides the roots in process of vegetative propagation known as grafting.

78
Q

Scion

A

The twig grafted onto the stock

79
Q

Transgenic

A

Describes organisms that have been engineered to express a gene from another species.

80
Q

Biofuels

A

Fuels derived from living biomass

81
Q

Biomass

A

Is the total mass of organic matter in a group of organisms in a particular habitat.

BIOL Unit 6 Campbell (5 decks)

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