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GI and Renal Exam 3 > 38 - Anatomy of GI tract > Flashcards

38 - Anatomy of GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic outline of the GI tract?

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Peritoneum
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Anus
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2
Q

What are the accessory organs of the GI tract?

A
  • Liver
  • Gall Bladder
  • Pancreas
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3
Q

What is unique about the GI tract?

A

It is all open to the outside world

  • It is inside your body
  • But it is all an external surface

This is important because we have an epithelial lining (just like the skin), its just modified for function

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4
Q

What are the two sections of the mouth?

A
  • Vestibule
  • Oral cavity proper

The vestibule is the lips gums and up to the teeth

The oral cavity includes the teeth and everything behind it (including tongue)

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5
Q

Where does the oral cavity end?

A

Isthmus

Then the pharynx begins

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6
Q

What gland opens into the vestibule?

A

Parotid gland

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7
Q

What else is included in the oral cavity

A

Palates

Talked about these, maybe listen?

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the pharynx?

A
  • Oropharynx

- Larngopharynx

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9
Q

What is a component of the oropharynx?

A
  • Deflects foot into the pharynx
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10
Q

Describe the esophagus

A
  • Located in the mediastinum
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11
Q

What are the three constrictions of the esophagus?

A

Three constrictions

  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • diaphragmatic

When it passes behind the heart, we get the thoracic constriction (left atrium)

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12
Q

Describe the esophageal hiatus

A
  • At level of T10

- Located at the right crus of the diaphragm

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13
Q

What is the blood supply of the esophagus?

A
  • Thoracic aorta

- Esophageal branches of left gastric

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14
Q

What are the two types of the peritoneum?

A
  • Parietal
  • Visceral

Parietal is attached to the wall of the cavity

The visceral is attached to the organs directly

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15
Q

Describe the mesentery

A

Mesentary is when there is two layers of peritoneum in order to cover organs (parietal and visceral)

Associated with the small intestine

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16
Q

Describe the mesocolon

A

Mesocolon is just when the mesentary covers parts of the colon

Transverse and sigmoid colon

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17
Q

What is just visceral peritoneum?

A

When there is only one layer lining the gut

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18
Q

What is in the greater sac?

A

Everything in the abdominal cavity except the sac behind the stomach

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19
Q

What is in the lesser sac?

A

Behind the stomach toward the spleen

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20
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Round ligament of the Liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)

It is just two layers of parietoneum

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21
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A
  • Greater omentum (4 layers of parietal peritoneum with blood supply and fat)
  • Located off the greater curvature of the stomach
22
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A
  • Goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
23
Q

What is the epiploic foramen of winslow?

A

Entrance from the greater sac to the lesser sac

24
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pylorus
25
Q

Describe the cardia

A

The part of the stomach that sits close to the heart

This is where you get heart burn and people come in with chest pain

26
Q

Describe the fundus

A

x

27
Q

Describe the body

A

x

28
Q

Describe the pylorus

A

x

Pyloric sphincter

29
Q

What are the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater
- The long lower section

Lesser
- The short upper section

30
Q

Describe the blood supply to the stomach

A
  • Left and Right Gastric and Left and Right Gastroepiploic (or gastro-omental)

Gastric

  • Shorter word
  • Located on the lesser curvature

Gastroepiploic

  • Longer word
  • Located on the greater curvature

Gastroduodenal

  • Between the stomach and duodenum
  • Pyloric region blood supply

Short gastrics
- (?)

31
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum (first 10 inches)
  • Jejunum (most absorption)
  • Ileum (start to loose plicae circularis)
32
Q

What is the blood supply of the small intestine

A
  • Gastroduodenal
  • Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
  • Superior Mesenteric

Duodenum - 2nd and 3rd parts are retroperitoneal, 1st and 2nd are intraperitoneal

33
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A
  • Cecum
  • Ascending Colon
    (right colic flexure or hepatic flexure)
  • Transverse Colon
    (left colic flexure or splenic flexure)
  • Descending Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
    (enter pelvis)
  • Rectum
  • Appendices Epiploica
34
Q

Describe taenia coli

A

Small slim muscles along the large intestine

Longitudinal muslcles

Once you get to the rectum, there is FULL muscle, rectum is used for storage

35
Q

Describe blood supply to the large intestine

A

Superior and Inferior Mesenteric

  • Blood supply to the large intestine
  • Superior goes to the right side
  • Inferior goes to the left side

Internal iliac and Internal Pudendal

  • Internal iliac gives branches to the rectum
  • Internal pudendal is a branch of the internal iliac and supplies to the anus
36
Q

What are haustra?

A

The circular segments of the large intestine

Caused by taenia coli

37
Q

What else do we call the rectal arteries and veins

A

Rectal arteries and veins

- Also called hemorrhoidal arteries and veins

38
Q

Describe the pectinate line

A
  • Above = visceral nerves, not painful

- Below = painful, innervated by a sensory nerve

39
Q

Describe the anal canals

A

x

40
Q

Describe the blood supply of the anus

A

Internal pudendal

41
Q

What are accessory organs of the GI tract?

A
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
42
Q

Describe the gall bladder

A

x

43
Q

Describe the gall bladder duct

A

x

44
Q

Describe the pancreas

A

x

45
Q

What are the components of the hepatic portal venous system?

A

Hepatic portal vein

  • Superior mesenteric
  • Splenic
  • Inferior mesenteric

Portal/caval anastomosis

46
Q

What are the three innervations of the GI tract?

A
  • Parasympathetics
  • Sympathetic
  • Visceral afferents
47
Q

Describe the parasympathetics

A
  • Vagus (CN X)
  • Pelvic Splanchnics (S2-4)
  • Promotes peristalsis and secretion
48
Q

Describe the sympathetics

A
  • Thoracic Splanchnics
  • Prevertebral (Preaortic) ganglia
  • Abdominal Sympathetics
49
Q

What do the abdominal sympathetics do?

A

Inhibit the action of the parasympathetics in fight or flight

50
Q

Describe the visceral afferents

A

Follow the sympathetic nerves to viscera

The visceral afferents follow the sympathetics - in the same nerve ***

Once you get to the pelvis, the visceral afferents acutally follow the parasympathetics *** - this is a big switch over

51
Q

Why is this visceral afferent pattern clinically relevant?

A

Because appendicitis often presents first as general pain around the umbilicus

It then transitions to somatic pain on the body wall around

GI and Renal Exam 3 (15 decks)

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