3.7.1 Genetics

Question 1

Define genotype

Answer 1

Genetic constitution of an organism. All the alleles that an organism has

Question 2

Define phenotype

Answer 2

Expression of an organisms genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

Question 3

Define homozygous

Answer 3

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for the same gene

Question 4

Define heterozygous

Answer 4

Pair of homologous chromosomes carrying two different alleles for a single gene

Question 5

Recessive allele

Answer 5

Allele that is only expressed if no dominant allele is present

Question 6

Dominant allele

Answer 6

An allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype

Question 7

Codominant

Answer 7

both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype

Question 8

Multiple alleles

Answer 8

More than two alleles for a single gene

Question 9

Monohybrid

Answer 9

Genetic inheritance cross of characteristics determined by one gene

Question 10

Dihybrid

Answer 10

Genetic inheritance cross of characteristics determined by two genes

Question 11

What are assumptions about Hardy Weinberg? (5)

Answer 11

1) no migration to introduce or remove alleles from the population
2) no mutations to create new alleles
3) no selection favouring particular allele
4) Mating is random
5) Population is large

Question 12

What is the equations for Hardy Weinberg?

Answer 12

P + q = 1
P: frequency of dominant allele
q: frequency of recessive allele

P