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3.7 Skin Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Discrete puss-filled raised lesion

A

Pustule

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1
Q

Fluid-filled raised lesion <5 mm in diameter

A

Vesicle

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2
Q

Dry, horny, plate-like excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification

A

Scale

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3
Q

Thickening of the stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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4
Q

Modes of keratinization characteriezed the retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

A

Parakeratosis

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5
Q

Hyperplasia of stratum granulosum

A

Hypergranulosis

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6
Q

Abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells/groups of cells below stratum granulosum

A

Dyskeratosis

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7
Q

Loss of intracellular connections –> loss of cohesion between keratinocytes

A

Acantholysis

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8
Q

Intercellular edema of the epidermis –> increased space between keratinocytes due to elongation of intracellular bridges

A

Spongiosis

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9
Q
  1. Discontinuity of skin

2. INCOMPLETE loss of epiderimis

A

Erosion

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10
Q

Disorders of Pigmentation and melanocytes (4)

A
  1. Lentigo
  2. Melanocytic Nevi
  3. Dysplastic Nevi
  4. Melanoma
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11
Q
  1. Melanocytic hyperplasia in the BASAL layer of EPIDERMIS that is linear in spread
  2. Appears as a brown pigmented spot on the skin
A

Lentigo

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12
Q
  1. Increased numbers of melanocytes that form clusters

2. Classified acc to location of clusters

A

Melanocytic Nevi

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13
Q

Classification of Melanocyte Nevi (3)

A
  1. Junctional Nevus: at tips
  2. Compound Nevus: at junction and dermal layer
  3. Dermal Nevus: within dermal layer
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14
Q

Clinical presentation of what junctional nevus?

A

Small, relatively flat, symmetric, uniform

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of combined nevus? (3)

A
  1. More raised, dome0shaped
  2. Symmetric
  3. Uniform pigment distribution
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16
Q

What are the atypical features seen in Dysplastic nevi? (3)

A
  1. Irregular borders
  2. Pink base
  3. Irregular pigmentation
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17
Q

Potential steps in tumor progression in dysplastic nevi

A
  1. Lentiginous melanocyte hyperplasia
  2. Lentiginous junctional nevus
  3. Lentiginous compound nevus
  4. Dysplastic Nevus
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18
Q

Risk factor of melanoma

A

Sun exposure

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19
Q

Which phase of melanoma: Tumor is seen within epidermis

A

Radial phase

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20
Q

Which phase of melanoma: Nodular aggregates of cells infiltrating the dermis

A

Vertical phase

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21
Q

Prognosis of melanoma is dependent on what?

A

Vertical growth of the tumor (level of infiltration)

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22
Q

Benign tumors of the skin (2)

A
  1. Seborrheic Keratosis

2. Adnexal Skin Tumors

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23
Q

What is the characteristic lesion seen in Acute eczematous dermatitis?

A

Spoingiosis

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24
Histologic appearance of which disorder of pigmentation? 1. melanocyte hyperplasia √ basal later √ linear spread 2. Thinning of rete ridges
Lentigo
25
Gross appearance of lentigo
brown pigmented spot on skin
26
Disorder of pigmentation: | 1. INCREASED numbers of melanocytes that form clusters
Melanocytic nevi
27
classifications of melanocytic nevi (3)
1. Junctional nevus 2. intradermal nevus 3. Compound nevis
28
Atypical features of dysplastic nevi (3)
1. Irregular borders 2. Pink base 3. Irregular pigmentation
29
What are the growth phases in melanoma? (2)
1. Radial/Horizontal growth phase | 2. Vertical growth phase
30
The prognosis of melanoma is 100% related to which type of growth, vertical or radial?
Vertical growth
31
Prognosis of melanoma is dependent on which factors? (2)
1. Level of penetration | 2. Depth of invasion
32
Benign epithelial tumors (2)
1. Seborrheic keratosis | 2. Adnexal Skin Tumors
33
Refers to the proliferation of keratinocytes with excess keratin production
Keratosis
34
It is benign with no malignant potential Located at the trunk Superficial elevated "stuck on" greasy lesions
Seborrheic Keratosis
35
Adnexal tumors arise from which type of cells?
Germinal epithelial or basal cells
36
Examples of Adnexial Skin Tumors (2)
1. Tricoepithelioma | 2. Sebaceous adenoma
37
Premalignant epidermal tumor
Actinic Keratosis
38
Malignant Epidermal Tumors (2)
Squamous cell carcinoma | Basal Cell carcinoma
39
It is located in sun-damaged exposed skin (face, back of hand)
Actinic Keratosis
40
Clincally seen as irregualr erythematous brown papules, usually singular
Actinic Keratosis
41
Histological appearance of what? 1. Atypia of epidermal keratinocytes (dykeratosis, mitosis) 2. Bowen's disease √ full thickness atypia of the intraepidermal keratinocytes (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) 3. Solar Elastosis √ degeneration of elastic fibers in the dermis Hint: premalignant epidermal tumor
Actinic Keratosis
42
Precursor lesion of Squamous cell carcinoma Hint: premalignant epidermal tumor
Actinic keratosis
43
What two histologic findings will tell you that the squamous cell carcinoma is well-demarcated?
1. Keratin pearls | 2. Intercellular bridges
44
Gross finding in squamous cell carcinoma
nodular, ulcerated lesion
45
Most common malignant skin tumor worldwide
Basal cell carcinoma
46
Malignant predermal tumor that presents as pearly, telangiectactic nodules or ulcerated pigmented lesions
Basal cell carcinoma
47
Histologic appearance of which malignant epidermal tumor? 1. Nests of uniformly atypical basiloid cells "picket fence" appearance 2. Nests separated from adjacent stroma by thin clefts
Basal cell carcinoma
48
Tumors of the dermis (2)
1. Benign fibrous histioma (dermatofibroma) | 2. Hemangioma (dermal vascular tumor)
49
Features of which tumor of the dermis? 1. Gross: firm, tan papule 2. Histo: localized proliferation of benign-appearing spindle cells within the dermis
Dermatofibroma
50
Refers to a benign neoplastic proliferation of blood vessels
Hamangioma
51
Malignant T-cell lymphomas with a predilection for the skin
Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
52
Features of? 1. Cutaneous pathces, plaques, nodules 2. Histo: band-like infiltrate in upper dermis of atypical lymphocytes with markedly convuluted nuclei
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
53
Acute dermatoses (4)
1. Urticaria 2. Eczema 3. Erythema 4. Multoforme
54
Chronic dermatoses (3)
1. Psoriasis 2. Lichen Planus 3. Seborrheic dermatitis
55
Urticaria is due to what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type I hypersensitivity reaction | √ IgE mediated
56
Histology of Urticaria (3)
1. Dermal edema 2. Dilatation of vascular spaces 3. Perivascular cuffing
57
Clinical term for ACUTE inflammatory disorders with different underlying etiologies
Eczema
58
Spongiosis is the common histologic feature found in?
Acute eczematous dermatitis
59
Eczema is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type IV (cell-mediated)
60
Its lesions are described as: (early) red, papulovesicular, oozing, crusted (late) raised scaling plaques
eczema
61
It is due to a deposition of immune complex (IgM) in the superficial vessels of the skin and oral mucous membranes
Erythema Multiforme
62
Characteristic lesion seen in erythema multiforme
Target lesion
63
Histology of Erythema Multiforme (4)
1. Epidermal spongiosis 2. Necrosis 3. Dermal vasculitis 4. Edema
64
Hyperproliferation of epidermis and abnormal keratinization are the basic defects seen in? Hint: chronic inflammatory skin diseases
Psoriasis vulgaris
65
What are the 5P's in Lichen Planus?
``` Pearly Pink/Purple Pruritic Polygonal Papules ```
66
Histology: Sawtooth pattern
Lichen Planus

Pathology (10 decks)

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