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Pathology > 3.7 Skin Disorders > Flashcards

3.7 Skin Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Discrete puss-filled raised lesion

A

Pustule

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1
Q

Fluid-filled raised lesion <5 mm in diameter

A

Vesicle

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2
Q

Dry, horny, plate-like excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification

A

Scale

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3
Q

Thickening of the stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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4
Q

Modes of keratinization characteriezed the retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

A

Parakeratosis

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5
Q

Hyperplasia of stratum granulosum

A

Hypergranulosis

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6
Q

Abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells/groups of cells below stratum granulosum

A

Dyskeratosis

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7
Q

Loss of intracellular connections –> loss of cohesion between keratinocytes

A

Acantholysis

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8
Q

Intercellular edema of the epidermis –> increased space between keratinocytes due to elongation of intracellular bridges

A

Spongiosis

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9
Q
  1. Discontinuity of skin

2. INCOMPLETE loss of epiderimis

A

Erosion

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10
Q

Disorders of Pigmentation and melanocytes (4)

A
  1. Lentigo
  2. Melanocytic Nevi
  3. Dysplastic Nevi
  4. Melanoma
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11
Q
  1. Melanocytic hyperplasia in the BASAL layer of EPIDERMIS that is linear in spread
  2. Appears as a brown pigmented spot on the skin
A

Lentigo

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12
Q
  1. Increased numbers of melanocytes that form clusters

2. Classified acc to location of clusters

A

Melanocytic Nevi

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13
Q

Classification of Melanocyte Nevi (3)

A
  1. Junctional Nevus: at tips
  2. Compound Nevus: at junction and dermal layer
  3. Dermal Nevus: within dermal layer
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14
Q

Clinical presentation of what junctional nevus?

A

Small, relatively flat, symmetric, uniform

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of combined nevus? (3)

A
  1. More raised, dome0shaped
  2. Symmetric
  3. Uniform pigment distribution
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16
Q

What are the atypical features seen in Dysplastic nevi? (3)

A
  1. Irregular borders
  2. Pink base
  3. Irregular pigmentation
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17
Q

Potential steps in tumor progression in dysplastic nevi

A
  1. Lentiginous melanocyte hyperplasia
  2. Lentiginous junctional nevus
  3. Lentiginous compound nevus
  4. Dysplastic Nevus
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18
Q

Risk factor of melanoma

A

Sun exposure

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19
Q

Which phase of melanoma: Tumor is seen within epidermis

A

Radial phase

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20
Q

Which phase of melanoma: Nodular aggregates of cells infiltrating the dermis

A

Vertical phase

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21
Q

Prognosis of melanoma is dependent on what?

A

Vertical growth of the tumor (level of infiltration)

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22
Q

Benign tumors of the skin (2)

A
  1. Seborrheic Keratosis

2. Adnexal Skin Tumors

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23
Q

What is the characteristic lesion seen in Acute eczematous dermatitis?

A

Spoingiosis

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24
Q

Histologic appearance of which disorder of pigmentation?
1. melanocyte hyperplasia
√ basal later
√ linear spread

  1. Thinning of rete ridges
A

Lentigo

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25
Q

Gross appearance of lentigo

A

brown pigmented spot on skin

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26
Q

Disorder of pigmentation:

1. INCREASED numbers of melanocytes that form clusters

A

Melanocytic nevi

27
Q

classifications of melanocytic nevi (3)

A
  1. Junctional nevus
  2. intradermal nevus
  3. Compound nevis
28
Q

Atypical features of dysplastic nevi (3)

A
  1. Irregular borders
  2. Pink base
  3. Irregular pigmentation
29
Q

What are the growth phases in melanoma? (2)

A
  1. Radial/Horizontal growth phase

2. Vertical growth phase

30
Q

The prognosis of melanoma is 100% related to which type of growth, vertical or radial?

A

Vertical growth

31
Q

Prognosis of melanoma is dependent on which factors? (2)

A
  1. Level of penetration

2. Depth of invasion

32
Q

Benign epithelial tumors (2)

A
  1. Seborrheic keratosis

2. Adnexal Skin Tumors

33
Q

Refers to the proliferation of keratinocytes with excess keratin production

A

Keratosis

34
Q

It is benign with no malignant potential
Located at the trunk
Superficial elevated “stuck on” greasy lesions

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

35
Q

Adnexal tumors arise from which type of cells?

A

Germinal epithelial or basal cells

36
Q

Examples of Adnexial Skin Tumors (2)

A
  1. Tricoepithelioma

2. Sebaceous adenoma

37
Q

Premalignant epidermal tumor

A

Actinic Keratosis

38
Q

Malignant Epidermal Tumors (2)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Basal Cell carcinoma

39
Q

It is located in sun-damaged exposed skin (face, back of hand)

A

Actinic Keratosis

40
Q

Clincally seen as irregualr erythematous brown papules, usually singular

A

Actinic Keratosis

41
Q

Histological appearance of what?
1. Atypia of epidermal keratinocytes (dykeratosis, mitosis)
2. Bowen’s disease
√ full thickness atypia of the intraepidermal keratinocytes
(squamous cell carcinoma in situ)
3. Solar Elastosis
√ degeneration of elastic fibers in the dermis

Hint: premalignant epidermal tumor

A

Actinic Keratosis

42
Q

Precursor lesion of Squamous cell carcinoma

Hint: premalignant epidermal tumor

A

Actinic keratosis

43
Q

What two histologic findings will tell you that the squamous cell carcinoma is well-demarcated?

A
  1. Keratin pearls

2. Intercellular bridges

44
Q

Gross finding in squamous cell carcinoma

A

nodular, ulcerated lesion

45
Q

Most common malignant skin tumor worldwide

A

Basal cell carcinoma

46
Q

Malignant predermal tumor that presents as pearly, telangiectactic nodules or ulcerated pigmented lesions

A

Basal cell carcinoma

47
Q

Histologic appearance of which malignant epidermal tumor?

  1. Nests of uniformly atypical basiloid cells “picket fence” appearance
  2. Nests separated from adjacent stroma by thin clefts
A

Basal cell carcinoma

48
Q

Tumors of the dermis (2)

A
  1. Benign fibrous histioma (dermatofibroma)

2. Hemangioma (dermal vascular tumor)

49
Q

Features of which tumor of the dermis?

  1. Gross: firm, tan papule
  2. Histo: localized proliferation of benign-appearing spindle cells within the dermis
A

Dermatofibroma

50
Q

Refers to a benign neoplastic proliferation of blood vessels

A

Hamangioma

51
Q

Malignant T-cell lymphomas with a predilection for the skin

A

Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

52
Q

Features of?

  1. Cutaneous pathces, plaques, nodules
  2. Histo: band-like infiltrate in upper dermis of atypical lymphocytes with markedly convuluted nuclei
A

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

53
Q

Acute dermatoses (4)

A
  1. Urticaria
  2. Eczema
  3. Erythema
  4. Multoforme
54
Q

Chronic dermatoses (3)

A
  1. Psoriasis
  2. Lichen Planus
  3. Seborrheic dermatitis
55
Q

Urticaria is due to what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type I hypersensitivity reaction

√ IgE mediated

56
Q

Histology of Urticaria (3)

A
  1. Dermal edema
  2. Dilatation of vascular spaces
  3. Perivascular cuffing
57
Q

Clinical term for ACUTE inflammatory disorders with different underlying etiologies

A

Eczema

58
Q

Spongiosis is the common histologic feature found in?

A

Acute eczematous dermatitis

59
Q

Eczema is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type IV (cell-mediated)

60
Q

Its lesions are described as:

(early) red, papulovesicular, oozing, crusted
(late) raised scaling plaques

A

eczema

61
Q

It is due to a deposition of immune complex (IgM) in the superficial vessels of the skin and oral mucous membranes

A

Erythema Multiforme

62
Q

Characteristic lesion seen in erythema multiforme

A

Target lesion

63
Q

Histology of Erythema Multiforme (4)

A
  1. Epidermal spongiosis
  2. Necrosis
  3. Dermal vasculitis
  4. Edema
64
Q

Hyperproliferation of epidermis and abnormal keratinization are the basic defects seen in?

Hint: chronic inflammatory skin diseases

A

Psoriasis vulgaris

65
Q

What are the 5P’s in Lichen Planus?

A 
Pearly
Pink/Purple
Pruritic
Polygonal
Papules
66
Q

Histology: Sawtooth pattern

A

Lichen Planus

Pathology (10 decks)

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