Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 PHARM SELF > 37 RAS > Flashcards

37 RAS Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenous peptides play an important role in normal cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis. What do they interact with?

A
  1. Effector organs
  2. Peripheral nervous system
  3. CNS via circumventricular organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 CVOs?

A

Area postrema
subfornical organ
organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I? angiotensin I to angiotensin II? and on to III?

A

Renin
ACE
Aminopeptidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What receptors does angiotensin I and II act on? III?

A

At2R and AT1R

AT1R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What receptor does angiotensin 1-7 act on?

A

Mas (cardioprotective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T-F there is a route from angiotensin1 to angiotensin (1-7) that does not use ACE?

A

True—endopeptidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The classical ACE-AII-AT1 receptor axis is known to cause what?

A

stroke, hypertension and cardiovasc. events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms by which renin secretion is controlled?

A
  1. Renal vascular receptor- low stretch inc renin
  2. Macula densa receptor- low na inc renin
  3. SNa
    4AII, AVP, K all inhibit renin release (negative feedback)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What to mechanisms increase renin release in regards to lower arterial pressure?

A
  1. renal baroreceptors

2. Systemi baroreceptors through SNa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 things that stimulate Renin release?

A
  1. lowered arterial pressure
  2. Dehydration, hemorrhage
  3. hyponatremia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 actions that raises arterial pressure from angiotensin?

A
  1. direct vasoconstriction in smooth muscle
  2. CNS up SNa and Vasopressin release
  3. Norepinephrine release from sympathetic neurons
  4. Adrenal medulla stim release of epi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can angiotensin peptides cause hypertrophy?

A

Yes, by hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does angiotensin stimulate in the CNS? adrenal?

A

Thirst, and ACTH from pituitary

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is R?A system detrimental to the heart? what counteracts?

A

heart failure diminishes renal flow, renin up, AII up leads to increased peripheral resistance (after load) and increased H2O (preload)—thus exacerbating the condition.

angiotensin (1-7) counteracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does angiotensin promote sodium retention? regulate its own production?

A
  1. vasoconstriction and incr. proximal tubular Na reabsorption
  2. decr. renin release neg feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the outcome of AT1R activation? AT2R?

A
  1. Gq–> stim phospholipase C–> up Ca, MapK- vasoconstriction
  2. Does not activate above– incr. NO and blocks MAPK- vasodilation (may be beneficial for AT1R blockers, AII effects are much stronger on AT1R vasoconstriction)
17
Q

What does the MAS receptor mediate? stimulates what?

A

vasodilation, anti-inflammatory, anti-cell prolix, stimulates up Ca and NO

18
Q

What do ARBs have higher affinity for? do the affect kininase II? blockade results in loss of what?

A
  1. AT1R»AT2R
  2. no
  3. AII feedback inhibition of renin release from kidney
19
Q

Ang(1-7) is promoted from extra angiotensin I when ACE is blocked. What other mechanisms increase Ang-(1-7) when ACE is blocked?

A

Degradation of Ang(1-7) by ACE is also impaired

20
Q

RAS blockade has little effect in normotensive patients, except for what occasion?

A

Na depleted individuals

21
Q

Where is RAS produced/used on a local bases?

A

vascular smooth muscle

Brain

22
Q

What does plasma kallikrein activate? tissue kallikrein?

A

bradykinin

kallidin

23
Q

What are kinin’s effects on arterioles [4]? When? large arteries?

A
  1. a. vasodilation via NO and eicosanoids, b. incr. capillary permeability, c. stim SNa, d. stimulate EPI
  2. in hypertensive situations, but not for maintenance
  3. constrict large arteries and veins
24
Q

Does bradykinin promote inflammation? pain? receptor?

A

yes and yes, GPCR B2 [up PLC increase Ca, up PLA2 increase eicosanoids]

25
Q

Do ACE inhibitors decrease bradykinin half life?

A

No they increase it

26
Q

When is vasopressin released?

A

low arterial P, low fluid volume or high plasma osmol, pain/nausea/hypoxia

27
Q

Physiologic actions of vasopressin?

A
  1. antidiuretic
  2. direct vasoconstriction (reflex bradycardia)
  3. indirect central actions–activate vagal–> bradycardia
28
Q

What vasopressin receptor is for antidiuretic effects? CV effects?

A
  1. V2– up cAMP

2. V1– up phospholipase C–> up Ca2

3 PHARM SELF (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions