Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEDIATRICS > 37: Neuro-Cognitive-Psychosocial Disorders > Flashcards

37: Neuro-Cognitive-Psychosocial Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Impaired movement and posture - resulting from abnormality in EXTRAPYRAMIDAL or PYRAMIDAL motor system.

A

Cerebral Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common clinical type of Cerebral Palsy

A

Spastic: upper motor, neuron type of muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cerebral Palsy: Data Collection (7)

A
  1. extreme Irritability and Crying
  2. Feeding difficulties
  3. Abnml Motor
  4. Alt. muscle tone (stiff, rigid)
  5. Primitive Infantile Reflexes after 6 mos
  6. Abnml Posturing
  7. Seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cerebral Palsy: Therapeutic Management (5)

A
  1. PT
  2. OT
  3. Speech therapy
  4. Education
  5. Recreation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathological result of - any mechanical force to the Skull, Scalp, Meninges, or Brain

A

Head Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Occurs when there is a - Fracture of the Skull, or Penetration of the Skull - by an object

A

Open Head Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Result of Blunt Trauma; can also be caused by Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Closed Head Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A Closed head injury is more serious than Open head injury because ____

A

the chance of increased ICP, in a “closed” vault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 Early signs of increased ICP

A

Slight change in

  1. Vital Signs
  2. LOC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

INFANT: Early signs of increased ICP (7)

A
  1. Irritability
  2. High-pitched CRY
  3. Bulging FONTANEL
  4. Increased HEAD CIRC.
  5. Dilated SCALP VEINS
  6. MACEWEN Sign
  7. Setting-Sun Sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

“Cracked-pot” sound, on percussion of the Head

A

Macewen Sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sclera is visible above the iris

A

Setting-sun sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CHILD: Early signs of increased ICP (4)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Nausea, Vomiting
  3. Diplopia
  4. Seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Late signs of increased ICP (8)

A
  1. decreased LOC
  2. BRADYcardia
  3. decreased MOTOR and SENSORY responses
  4. PUPIL size and reactivity
  5. DECORTICATE posturing
  6. DECEREBRATE posturing
  7. CHEYNE-STOKES respirations
  8. COMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Flexion Posturing

A

Decorticate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extension Posturing

A

Decerebrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Earliest indication of an *improvement, or *deterioration of NEUROLOGICAL condition

A

child’s LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Immediate intervention/action after a Head Injury

A

IMMOBILIZE the Neck and Spine

*if cervical or other spinal injury is suspected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

After spinal cord injury is ruled out, elevate the bed ____ degrees (if not contraindicated and as prescribed) to _____.

A
  1. elevate 15 - 30 degrees

2. to facilitate Venous Drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Head Injuries: A decreased response to pain is a significant sign of ___

A

altered LOC

21
Q

Head Injury: Position so HEAD is MIDLINE, to avoid ____.

A

jugular vein compression (which can increase ICP)

22
Q

Head Injury: Monitor IV FLUIDS to *AVOID ___, and to *MINIMIZE ____.

A
  1. avoid increasing any CEREBRAL EDEMA

2. minimize POSSIBLE OVERHYDRATION

23
Q

Head Injury: Monitor FLUID/ELECTROLYTE alterations because this could indicate _____

A

injury to the HYPOTHALAMUS or POSTERIOR PITUITARY

24
Q

Head Injury: Check for NOSE/EAR DRAINAGE which could indicate ____

A

leakage of CSF

*NOTIFY RN IMMEDIATELY!!!

25
Q

Head Injury: 2 Interventions if HYPOTHERMIA occurs

A
  1. assist admin of TEPID SPONGE BATH

2. Hypothermia BLANKET

26
Q

Head Injury: Avoid suctioning through Nares because of ____

A

risk of SECONDARY INFECTION

*catheter might enter brain through a fracture

27
Q

Head Injury: 4 areas to Assess/Monitor for BRAINSTEM INVOLVEMENT

A
  1. Respiration (RAPID/DEEP or INTERMITTENT/GASP)
  2. Pulse (wide FLUCT or SLOWING)
  3. BP (widening PP or extreme FLUCT)
  4. Pupils (sluggish, dilated, unequal)
28
Q

Head Injury: Sign of EPIDURAL HEMATOMA

A

Asymmetrical Pupils
(one dilated, nonreactive)
*NOTIFY RN and HCP IMMEDIATELY!!!

29
Q

Head Injury: If Epidural Hematoma occurs, a __ __ may be indicated to _____.

A
  1. Neurosurgical EMERGENCY

2. evacuate the hematoma!!

30
Q

Head Injury: 5 Medications that may be administered

A
  1. Acetaminophen (headache)
  2. Anticonvulsant (seizure)
  3. Antibiotic (if laceration present)
  4. Tetanus Toxoid (prophylactic)
  5. Corticosteriod or Osmotic Diuretic (reduce cerebral edema)
31
Q

An IMBALANCE OF CSF absorption and production - caused by *malformations, *tumors, *hemorrhage, *infections, *trauma. Results in HEAD ENLARGEMENT and INCREASED ICP

A

Hydrocephalus

32
Q

Hydrocephalus can be caused by (5)

A
  1. Malformations
  2. Tumors
  3. Hemorrhage
  4. Infections
  5. Trauma
33
Q

Hyrdocephalus results in (2)

A
  1. Head enlargement

2. Increased ICP

34
Q

2 types of Hydrocephalus

A
  1. Communicating

2. Non-communicating

35
Q

Type of Hydrocephalus that occurs as a result of - impaired absorption WITHIN THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE

A

Communicating Hydrocephalus

36
Q

Type of Hydrocephalus that occurs with OBSTRUCTION of CSF flow in the VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

A

Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

37
Q

Hydrocephalus: 3 Surgical Interventions

A
  1. Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
  2. Ventriculoatrial Shunt
  3. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
38
Q

Hydrocephalus: Surgical Interventions used for Older Children or those with pathological conditions of the Abdomen

A

Ventriculoatrial Shunt

39
Q

Hydrocephalus: Surgical Intervention that may not be appropriate for some types of hydrocephalus

A

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

40
Q

Hydrocephalus: A small opening is made in the floor of the third ventricle which allows CSF to bypass fourth ventricle, and return to circulation

A

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

41
Q

Hydrocephalus: Postoperative Positioning

A 
on UNoperated SIDE (no pressure on shunt)
and FLAT (avoid rapid reduction of fluid)
42
Q

Hydrocephalus: INFANT Signs of shunt Infection/Malfunction

A
  1. High, shrill CRY
  2. Lethargy
  3. Poor Feeding
43
Q

Hydrocephalus: TODDLER Signs of shunt Infection/Malfunction

A
  1. Headache

2. Poor Appetite

44
Q

Hydrocephalus: OLDER CHILD Signs of shunt Infection/Malfunction

A

Altered LOC

45
Q

An infection process of the CNS - caused by bacteria and viruses

A

Meningitis

46
Q

Meningitis may be acquired as a Primary Disease, or as a result of (4)

A
  1. Complications of NEUROSURGERY
  2. TRAUMA
  3. INFECTION of the SINUSES/EARS
  4. SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS
47
Q

Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis is made by ____

A

testing CSF from Lumbar Puncture

48
Q

Meningitis: CSF is CLOUDY, with (3)_____

A
  1. Increased WBCs
  2. Elevated PROTEIN
  3. Decreased GLUCOSE levels

PEDIATRICS (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions