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PEDIATRICS > 34: Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat Disorders > Flashcards

34: Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Condition which eyes are not aligned - as a result of lack of coordination of the extraocular muscles

A

strabismus (“squint”, “lazy eye”)

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2
Q

reduced visual acuity

A

amblyopia

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3
Q

Strabismus: Causes (3)

A
  1. muscle IMBALANCE
  2. PARALYSIS, extraocular muscles
  3. CONGENITAL defect
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4
Q

Strabismus: 2 things that can result if not treated early

A
  1. Amblyopia

2. Permanent LOSS of vision

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5
Q

Strabismus: Normal finding in young infant, but should not be present after ___ months

A

4 months

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6
Q

Subjective complaint of seeing 2 images instead of one and is often referred to as “double-vision”

A

Diplopia

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7
Q

Extreme sensitivity to light

A

Photophobia

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8
Q

Strabismus: Data Collection (4 signs)

A
  1. Cross-eyes
  2. Squinting
  3. Headaches
  4. Diplopia, Photophobia
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9
Q

Inflammation of Conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

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10
Q

Conjunctivitis is also known as ___

A

“Pink Eye”

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11
Q

Conjunctivitis: 3 Causes

A
  1. Allergy
  2. Infection
  3. Trauma
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12
Q

Conjunctivitis: 2 Types that are extremely contagious

A
  1. Bacterial

2. Viral

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis: 3 Medications that may be prescribed

A 
FOR INFECTION:
1. Antibiotic
2. Antiviral
FOR ALLERGY:
3. Antihistamine
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14
Q

Conjunctivitis: Intervention to lessen IRRITATION

A

Cool Compress

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15
Q

Conjunctivitis: Intervention for PHOTOPHOBIA

A

Dark Glasses

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16
Q

Conjunctivitis: Intervention to PREVENT INJURY

A

Do not RUB EYES

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17
Q

Conjunctivitis: 2 Instructions to PREVENT REINFECTION

A
  1. Contacts (Don’t wear until TX complete, need new ones)

2. Eye Make Up (Discard and replace)

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18
Q

Inflammatory disorder - caused by infection of the middle ear

A

Otitis Media

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19
Q

A blocked Eustachian Tube prevents __ __, and results in _____.

A
  1. prevents NORMAL DRAINAGE

2. INFECTION/INFLAMMATION of Middle Ear

20
Q

Otitis Media: Common complication of _____

A

Acute Respiratory Infection

RSV or Influenza

21
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

22
Q

Otitis Media: Infants/Children are more prone because ____

A

Eustachian Tube is wider, shorter, straighter

23
Q

Otitis Media: PREVENTION (4)

A
  1. Feeding - UPRIGHT (px reflux)
  2. Maintain IMMUNIZATIONS
  3. Breastfeeding - first 6 months
  4. Avoid - Tobacco Smoke, Allergents
24
Q

Otitis Media: Data Collection (7)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Headache
  3. Cry, Irritable, Lethargic
  4. No appetite
  5. Head rolls, side/side
  6. Pulling/Rubbing
  7. (possible) Purulent Drainage
25
Q

Otitis Media: Findings in an OTOSCOPIC EXAM

A

Tympanic Membrane:

  • Red, Opaque
  • Bulging
  • Immobile
26
Q

Surgical incision into Tympanic Membrane for drainage o purulent middle ear fluid; Insertion of Tympanoplasty Tubes

A

Myringotomy

27
Q

Myringotomy: Insertion of Tympanoplasty tubes may be done to (3)

A
  1. allow continued DRAINAGE
  2. EQUALIZE pressure
  3. allow VENTILATION
28
Q

Myringotomy: POST-OP INSTRUCTIONS (5)

A
  1. Keep DRY
  2. EAR PLUGS
  3. Meds for discomfort (Analgesics)
  4. Don’t BLOW NOSE, 7-10 days
  5. Tube fall out - not emergency, notify HCP
29
Q

Inflammation and Infection of Tonsils

A

Tonsillitis

30
Q

Lymphoid Tissue - located in the Pharynx

A

Tonsils

31
Q

Inflammation and Infection of the Adenoids

A

Adenoiditis

32
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsils - located on posterior wall of the Nasopharynx

A

Adenoids

33
Q

Surgical removal of the Tonsils

A

Tonsillectomy

34
Q

Surgical removal of the Adenoids

A

Adenoidectomy

35
Q

Tonsillitis / Adenoiditis: Data Collection

A
  1. Persistent/Recurrent SORE THROAT
  2. Tonsils - Enlarged, bright RED, white EXUDATE
  3. Difficult SWALLOWING
  4. Mouth BREATHING and ODOR
  5. Fever, Cough
  6. Large Adenoids = SIGNS
36
Q

Enlarged ADENOIDS may CAUSE (5)

A
  1. Nasal quality of Speech
  2. Mouth Breathing
  3. Hearing difficulty
  4. Snoring
  5. Obst. Sleep Apnea
37
Q

“Nosebleed”

A

Epitaxis

38
Q

Epitaxis: 4 Causes

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Foreign Bodies
  3. Picking
  4. Mucosal Inflammation
39
Q

If persistent bleeding (epitaxis) occurs and uncontrollable, ____

A

notify HCP

cauterization of bleeding vessel/packing

40
Q

Bacterial form of Croup

A

Epiglottitis

41
Q

Epiglottitis: May be caused by (2)

A
  1. Haemophilus influenzae type B

2. Streptococcus pneumonia

42
Q

Epiglottitis: Most frequent among

A

children 2-8 yo

43
Q

Epiglottitis can progress to ____

A

severe respiratory distress (rapidly)

44
Q

4 Signs of Severe Respiratory Distress

A
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Hypercapnia
  3. Respiratory ACIDOSIS
  4. decreased LOC
45
Q

Epiglottitis: DO NOT! (6)

A
  1. leave UNATTENDED
  2. place in SUPINE position
  3. Restrain/Agitate
  4. take TEMP ORALLY
  5. take THROAT CULTURE
  6. attempt to VISUALIZE POSTERIOR PHARYNX
46
Q

Epiglottitis: Rationale for COOL-MIST OXYGEN therapy

A

High HUMIDIFICATION, cools airway and decreases swelling

PEDIATRICS (2 decks)

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