34: Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat Disorders

Question 1

Condition which eyes are not aligned - as a result of lack of coordination of the extraocular muscles

Answer 1

strabismus (“squint”, “lazy eye”)

Question 2

reduced visual acuity

Answer 2

amblyopia

Question 3

Strabismus: Causes (3)

Answer 3

1. muscle IMBALANCE
2. PARALYSIS, extraocular muscles
3. CONGENITAL defect

Question 4

Strabismus: 2 things that can result if not treated early

Answer 4

1. Amblyopia

2. Permanent LOSS of vision

Question 5

Strabismus: Normal finding in young infant, but should not be present after ___ months

Answer 5

4 months

Question 6

Subjective complaint of seeing 2 images instead of one and is often referred to as “double-vision”

Answer 6

Diplopia

Question 7

Extreme sensitivity to light

Answer 7

Photophobia

Question 8

Strabismus: Data Collection (4 signs)

Answer 8

1. Cross-eyes
2. Squinting
3. Headaches
4. Diplopia, Photophobia

Question 9

Inflammation of Conjunctiva

Answer 9

Conjunctivitis

Question 10

Conjunctivitis is also known as ___

Answer 10

“Pink Eye”

Question 11

Conjunctivitis: 3 Causes

Answer 11

1. Allergy
2. Infection
3. Trauma

Question 12

Conjunctivitis: 2 Types that are extremely contagious

Answer 12

1. Bacterial

2. Viral

Question 13

Conjunctivitis: 3 Medications that may be prescribed

Answer 13

FOR INFECTION:
1. Antibiotic
2. Antiviral
FOR ALLERGY:
3. Antihistamine

Question 14

Conjunctivitis: Intervention to lessen IRRITATION

Answer 14

Cool Compress

Question 15

Conjunctivitis: Intervention for PHOTOPHOBIA

Answer 15

Dark Glasses

Question 16

Conjunctivitis: Intervention to PREVENT INJURY

Answer 16

Do not RUB EYES

Question 17

Conjunctivitis: 2 Instructions to PREVENT REINFECTION

Answer 17

1. Contacts (Don’t wear until TX complete, need new ones)

2. Eye Make Up (Discard and replace)

Question 18

Inflammatory disorder - caused by infection of the middle ear

Answer 18

Otitis Media

Question 19

A blocked Eustachian Tube prevents __ __, and results in _____.

Answer 19

1. prevents NORMAL DRAINAGE

2. INFECTION/INFLAMMATION of Middle Ear

Question 20

Otitis Media: Common complication of _____

Answer 20

Acute Respiratory Infection

RSV or Influenza

Question 21

RSV

Answer 21

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Question 22

Otitis Media: Infants/Children are more prone because ____

Answer 22

Eustachian Tube is wider, shorter, straighter

Question 23

Otitis Media: PREVENTION (4)

Answer 23

1. Feeding - UPRIGHT (px reflux)
2. Maintain IMMUNIZATIONS
3. Breastfeeding - first 6 months
4. Avoid - Tobacco Smoke, Allergents

Question 24

Otitis Media: Data Collection (7)

Answer 24

1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Cry, Irritable, Lethargic
4. No appetite
5. Head rolls, side/side
6. Pulling/Rubbing
7. (possible) Purulent Drainage

Question 25

Otitis Media: Findings in an OTOSCOPIC EXAM

Answer 25

Tympanic Membrane: - Red, Opaque - Bulging - Immobile

Question 26

Surgical incision into Tympanic Membrane for drainage o purulent middle ear fluid; Insertion of Tympanoplasty Tubes

Answer 26

Myringotomy

Question 27

Myringotomy: Insertion of Tympanoplasty tubes may be done to (3)

Answer 27

1. allow continued DRAINAGE 2. EQUALIZE pressure 3. allow VENTILATION

Question 28

Myringotomy: POST-OP INSTRUCTIONS (5)

Answer 28

1. Keep DRY 2. EAR PLUGS 3. Meds for discomfort (Analgesics) 4. Don't BLOW NOSE, 7-10 days 5. Tube fall out - not emergency, notify HCP

Question 29

Inflammation and Infection of Tonsils

Answer 29

Tonsillitis

Question 30

Lymphoid Tissue - located in the Pharynx

Answer 30

Tonsils

Question 31

Inflammation and Infection of the Adenoids

Answer 31

Adenoiditis

Question 32

Pharyngeal Tonsils - located on posterior wall of the Nasopharynx

Answer 32

Adenoids

Question 33

Surgical removal of the Tonsils

Answer 33

Tonsillectomy

Question 34

Surgical removal of the Adenoids

Answer 34

Adenoidectomy

Question 35

Tonsillitis / Adenoiditis: Data Collection

Answer 35

1. Persistent/Recurrent SORE THROAT 2. Tonsils - Enlarged, bright RED, white EXUDATE 3. Difficult SWALLOWING 4. Mouth BREATHING and ODOR 5. Fever, Cough 6. Large Adenoids = SIGNS

Question 36

Enlarged ADENOIDS may CAUSE (5)

Answer 36

1. Nasal quality of Speech 2. Mouth Breathing 3. Hearing difficulty 4. Snoring 5. Obst. Sleep Apnea

Question 37

"Nosebleed"

Answer 37

Epitaxis

Question 38

Epitaxis: 4 Causes

Answer 38

1. Trauma 2. Foreign Bodies 3. Picking 4. Mucosal Inflammation

Question 39

If persistent bleeding (epitaxis) occurs and uncontrollable, ____

Answer 39

notify HCP | cauterization of bleeding vessel/packing

Question 40

Bacterial form of Croup

Answer 40

Epiglottitis

Question 41

Epiglottitis: May be caused by (2)

Answer 41

1. Haemophilus influenzae type B | 2. Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 42

Epiglottitis: Most frequent among

Answer 42

children 2-8 yo

Question 43

Epiglottitis can progress to ____

Answer 43

severe respiratory distress (rapidly)

Question 44

4 Signs of Severe Respiratory Distress

Answer 44

1. Hypoxia 2. Hypercapnia 3. Respiratory ACIDOSIS 4. decreased LOC

Question 45

Epiglottitis: DO NOT! (6)

Answer 45

1. leave UNATTENDED 2. place in SUPINE position 3. Restrain/Agitate 4. take TEMP ORALLY 5. take THROAT CULTURE 6. attempt to VISUALIZE POSTERIOR PHARYNX

Question 46

Epiglottitis: Rationale for COOL-MIST OXYGEN therapy

Answer 46

High HUMIDIFICATION, cools airway and decreases swelling