3.7 Immunisation Flashcards
After an infection, which type of immune cells remain?
Memory cells
What changes to the immune response occur upon a secondary infection?
More antibodies, made more rapidly
What type of immunity is achieved when an individual is exposed to a pathogen and survives?
Active Naturally Acquired
What type of immunity is achieved when antibodies cross the placenta/breastmilk?
Passive Naturally Acquired
What type of immunity is achieved via vaccination?
Active Artificially Acquired
What type of vaccine uses a weakened or dead form of the pathogen?
Attenuated Vaccine
Which substance is mixed with a vaccine to enhance the immune response
Adjuvant
What term describes when a large percentage of the population is immunised, containing spread of disease?
Herd Immunity
How does herd immunity protect vulnerable individuals?
Reduces odds of coming into contact with infected individual
What factors influence the threshold required to reach herd immunity?
Virulence, vaccine efficacy and population density
What is the term for when a pathogen changes the antigens on its surface
Antigenic Variation
What is the impact on the immune system of antigenic variation?
Memory cells no longer recognise the pathogen
