3.7 Genetics, Population, Evolution And Ecosystems Flashcards
What is a population?
Group of all organisms of the same species living in the same habitat
What is a habitat?
Part of an ecosystem in which particular organisms live in
What is a community?
All the populations of the different species in the same area at the same time
What is an ecosystem?
A community and the non-living components of an environment (biotic and abiotic factors)
What is a niche?
An organisms role within an ecosystem, including position in the food web and habitat. Each species occupies its own niche
What is carrying capacity?
Maximum population size an ecosystem can support
What are abiotic factors and examples?
•Non-living conditions
e.g temperature, oxygen, CO2 and light intensity
What are biotic factors and examples?
Living conditions (impact of interactions between organisms)
e.g competition, predation, disease
What are the different types of competition?
Interspecific: members of different species compete for the same limited resources and better adapted individuals survive
Intraspecific: members of the same species compete for resources and mates. Fitter individuals attract a mate
What does a predator-prey relationship show?
•both population sizes will fluctuate
•at most times, more prey than predators so prey no. peaks more
•size of population changes in prey and then predators due to lag time
How can you accurately represent a population?
•large no. of samples (representative 30+)
•random samples (avoids bias)
Outline a random sampling method
1.lie 2 tape measures at a right angle to create a gridded area
2.use a random number generator to generate 2 coordinates e.g calculator
3.place a quadrat and collect data e.g total no.
4. Repeat at least 30 times (or until running mean as more reliable and allows for a statistical test to be done)
5.multiply to give estimate for total field area
What are the 2 types of transects?
Belt: quadrat placed at every position along tape measure
Interrupted: quadrat placed at uniform intervals along the tape measure
Outline a method for a line transect
1.place tape measure at right angles to e.g the shore line
2.place quadrat every 1 metre along the tape measure
3. Collect data
4. Repeat by placing another 30 transects along each e.g the beach at right angles to the shore line
What is local frequency and ad/dis of using it to estimate abundance?
•% of squares in quadrat with species
Ad: •quick for large areas
•useful if too many to count or hard to identify individual
Dis: •poor accuracy as it doesn’t consider overlapping plants or size of plants