3.6a Social Emotional Development Across the Lifespan: Infancy and Childhood Flashcards
Ecological Systems Theory
a theory of the social environment’s influence on human development, using five nested systems ranging from direct to indirect influences.
Chronosystem, Macrosystem, Exosystem, Mesosystem, Microsystem
Chronosystem: Life stages and related events
Macrosystem: Cultural influences
Exosystem: Environments that indirectly affect a person
Mesosystem: relationships between microsystem groups
Microsystem: Immediate contact groups
Separation Anxiety
becoming anxious when away from caregivers.
Stranger Anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning at about 8 months of age
Harry & Margaret Harlow
psychologists that did experiments on monkeys to study attachment
Attachment
an emotional tie with others; shown in young children seen by their seeking closeness to caregivers and showing distress on separation.
Konrad Lorenz
researched imprinting on young animals
Imprinting
the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life.
Mary Ainsworth
creator of the strange situation experiment.
Strange Situation
a procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions are observed.
Secure Attachment
demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregivers return.
Insecure Attachment
demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or avoidant attachment that resists closeness.
Disorganized Attachment
show no consistent behavior during the separations and reunions
Temperment
a person’s characteristic emotionally reactivity and intensity
Basic Trust
according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trust worthy; said to form during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.
Avoidant Attachment
in which people experienced discomfort getting close to others and use avoidant strategies to maintain distance from others.
Self Concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question “who am I?”
Authoritarian
parents are coercive, they impose rules and expect obedience.
Permissive
parents are unrestraining. They make few demands, set few limits, and use little punishment
Neglectful
parents are uninvolved. They are neither demanding nor responsive. They are careless and inattentive, and don’t seek a close relationship with their children
Authoritative
parents are confrontive. They are both demanding and responsive. They exert control by setting rules, but, especially with older children, they encourage open discussion and allow exceptions
