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Biomechanics > 3650 midterm 1 > Flashcards

3650 midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

biomechanics is the interaction of 3&1 which allows us to

A

anatomy
physiology
behaviour of living things - what kind of load it can take
and engineering
detailed quantitative modeling to figure to the mechanical behaviour of biology and soft tissue

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2
Q

engineering

A

principles of physics applied to matter

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3
Q

model (3)

A

accurate representation with reduced validity (scale back extrememe characteristics)
detailed specs for critical parameters
logical simplification of additional parameters

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4
Q

observe and model behaviors of (3)

A

biology and tissues - dysfunction

  • suportive motion and reinforce proprioceptive information
  • location and purpose
  • compare different treatments
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5
Q

change of situation leads to

A

change of behaviour

time and behaviour based observations

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6
Q

2 types of timing in Tinburgens behavioural problems

A

current and historical

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7
Q

2 types of benefits In Tinburgens behavioural problems

A

proximate vs ultimate

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8
Q

current proximate

A

causation - what makes the change, instantaneous (hormone)

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9
Q

current ultimate

A

function - after dysfunction (what does it give you)

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10
Q

historical proximate

A

development - after degeneration (change over generation)

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11
Q

historical ultimate

A

evolution (over several generations)

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12
Q

attitude towards models

A

simple is complex enough

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13
Q

qualitative measurement

A

usual observation of anatomy and phy behaving

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14
Q

quantitative measurement

A

made from a record of ana and phys behaving

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15
Q

qualitative biomechanics model

A

causative progressive - factors produce results (skill)

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16
Q

2 rules for identifying factors which cause results

A
  1. factors should be mechanical quantities - position, direction, velocity, mass, resistance, impact
  2. factors should be completely constructed from lowe factors
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17
Q

forces produced

A

angular velocity - linear velocity - momentum - initial horizontal - ball displacement

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18
Q

to complete a model you need

A

some simplification and limitations

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19
Q

2 factors that affects the skill of your activity

A

low level skill

pathological activity

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20
Q

qualitative biomechanics model to see whats working and what isnt

A

chronological progression - how you would learn a skill - decrease in factors

  • antecedent - behaviour - consequence
  • why - quality vs quantity - ecological full or half behaviour - hitting vs targeting
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21
Q

body reference system is

A

egocentric - focused on behaviour

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22
Q

world reference system is

A

cartesian coordinates

- non linear movements by their linear/time based(referenced) components

23
Q

a video from a fixed camera can be a

A

allocentric stack of pictures from a camera

24
Q

vesalis fabrica

A

the body is a set of anatomical systems

25
Q

originally it was thought that muscles were

A

weak, achieve mechanical advantage and produced movement by the long lever of bones - draw diagram

26
Q

borelli

A

combined anatomical studies with mechanical models to show that muscle forces were large - more than the load and joint forces were even larger - 3 diagrams

27
Q

representation of physical parameters

A

fully represented through magnitude and direction

ex: displacement, force, pressure, velocity

28
Q

4 components of velocity

A

magnitude, direction, point of application, line of action

29
Q

distance

A

scalar factor - completely described by a single numerical value

30
Q

summing scalars

A

addition - same line of action

31
Q

displacement

A

vector - numerical value and direction (global point of application and line of action

32
Q

adding vectors

A

tip to tail

33
Q

when the line of action is not in desired direction of movement

A

force is wasted and overloading

34
Q

parallelogram

A

same theta is contained by parallel vertical lines

35
Q

what part of the brain does vector addition of tip to tail

A

fornix
- mouse and its secretive investigation - when they receive reward they run along resultant to home cage because it is the fastest route

36
Q

vectors not at right angles

A

VM and VL acting on patella and patellar tendon

- COSINE LAW - R^2=M^2+L^2-2MLcos(beta(angle in between))

37
Q

componenet at right angels

A

2 perpendicular components using principles at right angle

38
Q

Fy (5)

A

(H)(sin(theta))
length away from point of rotation
perpendicular to midline of segment passing through point of rotation
rotate the segment about point of rotation
rotary force provides moment/torqye

39
Q

Fx

A

(H)(cos(theta))
length away from point of rotation
parallel to midline of segment passing through point of rotation
stabilizing force/dislocating force

40
Q

diff forces on the body

A

shear
compression
tension

41
Q

body

A

solid object with a multidimensional volume hthat contains a stable amount of matter - simple geometric shapes for rep

42
Q

state

A

condition matter is in

43
Q

state of motion

A

movement condition that matter is in

44
Q

uniform velocity

A

constant velocity (speed and direction) - linear uniform motion, every piece of matter moving at the same direction

45
Q

0 velocity

A

at rest

46
Q

can you have constant angular velocity?

A

yes

47
Q

length

A

quantity for any dimenstion of a body and linear displacement of that body in space (m)

48
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter in a body - unit is kg

49
Q

weight

A

gravitational force exerted on the mass of a body

mg(N) ( kgm^2)

50
Q

g

A

acceleration due to gravity

51
Q

forces

A

push/pull that tends to alter the motion state of a body (N)

52
Q

3 types of forces

A

gravitational
mechanical
frictional

53
Q

biomechanics is concerned with

A

how matter behaves and how it applies to living things

54
Q

What allows us to study living things?

A

biomechanical applicaltion of physics, specific to particles and systems

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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