3650 midterm 1

Question 1

biomechanics is the interaction of 3&1 which allows us to

Answer 1

anatomy
physiology
behaviour of living things - what kind of load it can take
and engineering
detailed quantitative modeling to figure to the mechanical behaviour of biology and soft tissue

Question 2

engineering

Answer 2

principles of physics applied to matter

Question 3

model (3)

Answer 3

accurate representation with reduced validity (scale back extrememe characteristics)
detailed specs for critical parameters
logical simplification of additional parameters

Question 4

observe and model behaviors of (3)

Answer 4

biology and tissues - dysfunction

• suportive motion and reinforce proprioceptive information
• location and purpose
• compare different treatments

Question 5

change of situation leads to

Answer 5

change of behaviour

time and behaviour based observations

Question 6

2 types of timing in Tinburgens behavioural problems

Answer 6

current and historical

Question 7

2 types of benefits In Tinburgens behavioural problems

Answer 7

proximate vs ultimate

Question 8

current proximate

Answer 8

causation - what makes the change, instantaneous (hormone)

Question 9

current ultimate

Answer 9

function - after dysfunction (what does it give you)

Question 10

historical proximate

Answer 10

development - after degeneration (change over generation)

Question 11

historical ultimate

Answer 11

evolution (over several generations)

Question 12

attitude towards models

Answer 12

simple is complex enough

Question 13

qualitative measurement

Answer 13

usual observation of anatomy and phy behaving

Question 14

quantitative measurement

Answer 14

made from a record of ana and phys behaving

Question 15

qualitative biomechanics model

Answer 15

causative progressive - factors produce results (skill)

Question 16

2 rules for identifying factors which cause results

Answer 16

1. factors should be mechanical quantities - position, direction, velocity, mass, resistance, impact
2. factors should be completely constructed from lowe factors

Question 17

forces produced

Answer 17

angular velocity - linear velocity - momentum - initial horizontal - ball displacement

Question 18

to complete a model you need

Answer 18

some simplification and limitations

Question 19

2 factors that affects the skill of your activity

Answer 19

low level skill

pathological activity

Question 20

qualitative biomechanics model to see whats working and what isnt

Answer 20

chronological progression - how you would learn a skill - decrease in factors

• antecedent - behaviour - consequence
• why - quality vs quantity - ecological full or half behaviour - hitting vs targeting

Question 21

body reference system is

Answer 21

egocentric - focused on behaviour

Question 22

world reference system is

Answer 22

cartesian coordinates

- non linear movements by their linear/time based(referenced) components

Question 23

a video from a fixed camera can be a

Answer 23

allocentric stack of pictures from a camera

Question 24

vesalis fabrica

Answer 24

the body is a set of anatomical systems

Question 25

originally it was thought that muscles were

Answer 25

weak, achieve mechanical advantage and produced movement by the long lever of bones - draw diagram

Question 26

borelli

Answer 26

combined anatomical studies with mechanical models to show that muscle forces were large - more than the load and joint forces were even larger - 3 diagrams

Question 27

representation of physical parameters

Answer 27

fully represented through magnitude and direction | ex: displacement, force, pressure, velocity

Question 28

4 components of velocity

Answer 28

magnitude, direction, point of application, line of action

Question 29

distance

Answer 29

scalar factor - completely described by a single numerical value

Question 30

summing scalars

Answer 30

addition - same line of action

Question 31

displacement

Answer 31

vector - numerical value and direction (global point of application and line of action

Question 32

adding vectors

Answer 32

tip to tail

Question 33

when the line of action is not in desired direction of movement

Answer 33

force is wasted and overloading

Question 34

parallelogram

Answer 34

same theta is contained by parallel vertical lines

Question 35

what part of the brain does vector addition of tip to tail

Answer 35

fornix - mouse and its secretive investigation - when they receive reward they run along resultant to home cage because it is the fastest route

Question 36

vectors not at right angles

Answer 36

VM and VL acting on patella and patellar tendon | - COSINE LAW - R^2=M^2+L^2-2MLcos(beta(angle in between))

Question 37

componenet at right angels

Answer 37

2 perpendicular components using principles at right angle

Question 38

Fy (5)

Answer 38

(H)(sin(theta)) length away from point of rotation perpendicular to midline of segment passing through point of rotation rotate the segment about point of rotation rotary force provides moment/torqye

Question 39

Fx

Answer 39

(H)(cos(theta)) length away from point of rotation parallel to midline of segment passing through point of rotation stabilizing force/dislocating force

Question 40

diff forces on the body

Answer 40

shear compression tension

Question 41

body

Answer 41

solid object with a multidimensional volume hthat contains a stable amount of matter - simple geometric shapes for rep

Question 42

state

Answer 42

condition matter is in

Question 43

state of motion

Answer 43

movement condition that matter is in

Question 44

uniform velocity

Answer 44

constant velocity (speed and direction) - linear uniform motion, every piece of matter moving at the same direction

Question 45

0 velocity

Answer 45

at rest

Question 46

can you have constant angular velocity?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

length

Answer 47

quantity for any dimenstion of a body and linear displacement of that body in space (m)

Question 48

mass

Answer 48

quantity of matter in a body - unit is kg

Question 49

weight

Answer 49

gravitational force exerted on the mass of a body | mg(N) ( kgm^2)

Question 50

g

Answer 50

acceleration due to gravity

Question 51

forces

Answer 51

push/pull that tends to alter the motion state of a body (N)

Question 52

3 types of forces

Answer 52

gravitational mechanical frictional

Question 53

biomechanics is concerned with

Answer 53

how matter behaves and how it applies to living things

Question 54

What allows us to study living things?

Answer 54

biomechanical applicaltion of physics, specific to particles and systems