3650 midterm 1 Flashcards
biomechanics is the interaction of 3&1 which allows us to
anatomy
physiology
behaviour of living things - what kind of load it can take
and engineering
detailed quantitative modeling to figure to the mechanical behaviour of biology and soft tissue
engineering
principles of physics applied to matter
model (3)
accurate representation with reduced validity (scale back extrememe characteristics)
detailed specs for critical parameters
logical simplification of additional parameters
observe and model behaviors of (3)
biology and tissues - dysfunction
- suportive motion and reinforce proprioceptive information
- location and purpose
- compare different treatments
change of situation leads to
change of behaviour
time and behaviour based observations
2 types of timing in Tinburgens behavioural problems
current and historical
2 types of benefits In Tinburgens behavioural problems
proximate vs ultimate
current proximate
causation - what makes the change, instantaneous (hormone)
current ultimate
function - after dysfunction (what does it give you)
historical proximate
development - after degeneration (change over generation)
historical ultimate
evolution (over several generations)
attitude towards models
simple is complex enough
qualitative measurement
usual observation of anatomy and phy behaving
quantitative measurement
made from a record of ana and phys behaving
qualitative biomechanics model
causative progressive - factors produce results (skill)
2 rules for identifying factors which cause results
- factors should be mechanical quantities - position, direction, velocity, mass, resistance, impact
- factors should be completely constructed from lowe factors
forces produced
angular velocity - linear velocity - momentum - initial horizontal - ball displacement
to complete a model you need
some simplification and limitations
2 factors that affects the skill of your activity
low level skill
pathological activity
qualitative biomechanics model to see whats working and what isnt
chronological progression - how you would learn a skill - decrease in factors
- antecedent - behaviour - consequence
- why - quality vs quantity - ecological full or half behaviour - hitting vs targeting
body reference system is
egocentric - focused on behaviour
world reference system is
cartesian coordinates
- non linear movements by their linear/time based(referenced) components
a video from a fixed camera can be a
allocentric stack of pictures from a camera
vesalis fabrica
the body is a set of anatomical systems
originally it was thought that muscles were
weak, achieve mechanical advantage and produced movement by the long lever of bones - draw diagram
borelli
combined anatomical studies with mechanical models to show that muscle forces were large - more than the load and joint forces were even larger - 3 diagrams
representation of physical parameters
fully represented through magnitude and direction
ex: displacement, force, pressure, velocity
4 components of velocity
magnitude, direction, point of application, line of action
distance
scalar factor - completely described by a single numerical value
summing scalars
addition - same line of action
displacement
vector - numerical value and direction (global point of application and line of action
adding vectors
tip to tail
when the line of action is not in desired direction of movement
force is wasted and overloading
parallelogram
same theta is contained by parallel vertical lines
what part of the brain does vector addition of tip to tail
fornix
- mouse and its secretive investigation - when they receive reward they run along resultant to home cage because it is the fastest route
vectors not at right angles
VM and VL acting on patella and patellar tendon
- COSINE LAW - R^2=M^2+L^2-2MLcos(beta(angle in between))
componenet at right angels
2 perpendicular components using principles at right angle
Fy (5)
(H)(sin(theta))
length away from point of rotation
perpendicular to midline of segment passing through point of rotation
rotate the segment about point of rotation
rotary force provides moment/torqye
Fx
(H)(cos(theta))
length away from point of rotation
parallel to midline of segment passing through point of rotation
stabilizing force/dislocating force
diff forces on the body
shear
compression
tension
body
solid object with a multidimensional volume hthat contains a stable amount of matter - simple geometric shapes for rep
state
condition matter is in
state of motion
movement condition that matter is in
uniform velocity
constant velocity (speed and direction) - linear uniform motion, every piece of matter moving at the same direction
0 velocity
at rest
can you have constant angular velocity?
yes
length
quantity for any dimenstion of a body and linear displacement of that body in space (m)
mass
quantity of matter in a body - unit is kg
weight
gravitational force exerted on the mass of a body
mg(N) ( kgm^2)
g
acceleration due to gravity
forces
push/pull that tends to alter the motion state of a body (N)
3 types of forces
gravitational
mechanical
frictional
biomechanics is concerned with
how matter behaves and how it applies to living things
What allows us to study living things?
biomechanical applicaltion of physics, specific to particles and systems
