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Biomechanics > 3650 final > Flashcards

3650 final Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of vectors

A

magnitude
direction
point of application
line of action

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2
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter in a body

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3
Q

weight

A

gravitational force exerted on the mass of a body

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4
Q

forces

A

push/pull that tends to alter the motion state of a body

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5
Q

3 types of forces

A

mechanical
gravitational
frictional

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6
Q

displacement

A

length of the straight line joining the start and finish point with some sense of direction

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7
Q

sign of displacement

A

relative direction

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8
Q

velocity

A

how quickly is displacement changing in time

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9
Q

sign for velocity

A

displacement change relative to origin, pos away, neg towards

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10
Q

uniform displacement

A

contant velocity

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11
Q

we sample more frequenly for

A

more accurrate reps

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12
Q

what is biomechanmics

A

anatomy, physiology and the behaviour of living things interacting with engineering which are principes of physics applied to matter

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13
Q

model

A

accurate rep with reduced validity
detail specs of critical parameters
logical simplification for additional parameters

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14
Q

how to observe the behavior of biology and tissues (3)

A

observe and model it according to terms and techniques
- purpose - supportive motion/proprioceptive info
give diff treatments in diff situations to see change in behaviour

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15
Q

Tinbergen

A

behavioural problems according to time and benefit

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16
Q

current proximate

A

causation - hormones causing changes

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17
Q

current ultimate

A

function - what does it give you

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18
Q

historical proximate

A

development - change one generation

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19
Q

historical ultimate

A

evolution - change over many generations

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20
Q

qualitative

A

visual observation

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21
Q

quantitative

A

measurements from records

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22
Q

causative progression 2

A

mechanical quantities and constructed completely from lower factors

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23
Q

chronological progression 4

A

when to do tat
what’s working and what isnt
decrease in factors
antecedent - behaviour - consequence

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24
Q

consequences could be

A

full or half ecological behaviours - targetting vs hitting

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25
Q

body referenced system

A

egocentric - focused on behaviour

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26
Q

world referenced system

A

allocentric - time based

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27
Q

muscle forces

A

larger than load and joint forces were even larger

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28
Q

vectors

A

physical parameters that can only be fully represeneted through magnitude and direction

29
Q

distance

A

scalar - #

30
Q

displacement

A

vector - # and direction (global point of application and line of action)

31
Q

how to sum vectors

A

tip to tail

32
Q

when 2 forces added up are more than the resultant vector

A

some forces being wasted because the line of action is not in desired direction of movement

33
Q

fornix

A

the part of your brain that always adds tip to tail

34
Q

fy

A

perpendicular to the midline of segment and rotates it

35
Q

fx

A

paralll to midline of segment and either stabilizes or dislocates it

36
Q

body

A

solid object with a multidimentional volume that contains a stable amt of matter

37
Q

state

A

condition matter is in

38
Q

state of motion

A

movement condition that matter is in

39
Q

acceleration

A

how quickly is velocity changing in time

40
Q

sign of acceleratoin

A

pos accelerate, neg decelerate

41
Q

w

A

mg

42
Q

equal change in velocity in equal change in time

A

uniform acceleration

43
Q

displacement on a AT graph

A

area under curve

44
Q

longer strides

A

less steps, lower frequency and increased efficienct

45
Q

gravitation law

A

always pulls an object directly toward earth - all bodies attract one another with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the squre of the distance between them

46
Q

forensic biomechanics

A

exert scientific knowledge to legal problems

47
Q

biomechanical plausibility

A

forces from event imposed on anatomical region are efficiently high enough to exceed the tolerance limits of that region

48
Q

fluids

A

gas, liquids and solids - phases of matter

49
Q

gas

A

molecular proximity defined by container

50
Q

dynamic fluid forces

A

lift and drag

51
Q

static fluid forces and what they are determined by

A

pressure and buoyancy - position, size, structure

52
Q

buoyancy

A

supportive force produced by orderly displacement of fluid molecules that are absent initially until fluid rearranges itself

53
Q

if youre less dense

A

more buoyant

54
Q

density

A

mass/bolume

55
Q

more volume

A

more buoyant

56
Q

sum of the forces in the y direction of an object in the tank and which are determined by the volume

A
  • pressure, - weight and pos buoyancy - pressure and buoyancy
57
Q

drag and 4 factors

A 
resistive force that results from collisions with fluid molecules 
obejct cross section 
fluid density 
object velocity 
fluid flow parameters
58
Q

surface drag

A

friction - slows down the boundry layer

59
Q

formed drag

A

resistance - pressure differential between lead and rear sides which is high in the front and low in the back

60
Q

laminar flow range 1

A

smooth surface, low velocity, high surface drag

61
Q

laminar flow

A

straight layers

62
Q

high surface drag

A

attract fluid molecules to it

63
Q

partially turbulent flow range 1

A

some formed drag
less surface drag
turbulent low pressure wake in the back with disorganized flow and decreases support of fluid force from behind

64
Q

partially turbulent flow range 2

A

higher velocity, more formed drag, little surface drag
pressure wake in the back
seperation of boundary layers

65
Q

why rougher surface

A

no form drag, fuller boundary layer to be less turbulent and more surface drag, turbulent flow (full) - keep the support in the back

66
Q

diff surface collison

A

deflection - gear effect - keeps on bending

67
Q

lift

A

supportive force produced by relative pressure on opposite sides of an object

68
Q

magnus effect

A

low velocity and high pressure on top and high velocity and low pressure on the bottom - surface drag travels in diff directions - boundary layer of air spining with the balls surface

69
Q

airfoil

A

low pressure and high v on top, high p and low v at the bottom, (becasuse all air pockets will finish at the same time - lifts it up

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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