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Biomechanics > 3650 final > Flashcards

3650 final Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of vectors

A

magnitude
direction
point of application
line of action

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2
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter in a body

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3
Q

weight

A

gravitational force exerted on the mass of a body

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4
Q

forces

A

push/pull that tends to alter the motion state of a body

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5
Q

3 types of forces

A

mechanical
gravitational
frictional

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6
Q

displacement

A

length of the straight line joining the start and finish point with some sense of direction

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7
Q

sign of displacement

A

relative direction

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8
Q

velocity

A

how quickly is displacement changing in time

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9
Q

sign for velocity

A

displacement change relative to origin, pos away, neg towards

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10
Q

uniform displacement

A

contant velocity

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11
Q

we sample more frequenly for

A

more accurrate reps

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12
Q

what is biomechanmics

A

anatomy, physiology and the behaviour of living things interacting with engineering which are principes of physics applied to matter

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13
Q

model

A

accurate rep with reduced validity
detail specs of critical parameters
logical simplification for additional parameters

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14
Q

how to observe the behavior of biology and tissues (3)

A

observe and model it according to terms and techniques
- purpose - supportive motion/proprioceptive info
give diff treatments in diff situations to see change in behaviour

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15
Q

Tinbergen

A

behavioural problems according to time and benefit

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16
Q

current proximate

A

causation - hormones causing changes

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17
Q

current ultimate

A

function - what does it give you

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18
Q

historical proximate

A

development - change one generation

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19
Q

historical ultimate

A

evolution - change over many generations

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20
Q

qualitative

A

visual observation

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21
Q

quantitative

A

measurements from records

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22
Q

causative progression 2

A

mechanical quantities and constructed completely from lower factors

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23
Q

chronological progression 4

A

when to do tat
what’s working and what isnt
decrease in factors
antecedent - behaviour - consequence

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24
Q

consequences could be

A

full or half ecological behaviours - targetting vs hitting

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25
body referenced system
egocentric - focused on behaviour
26
world referenced system
allocentric - time based
27
muscle forces
larger than load and joint forces were even larger
28
vectors
physical parameters that can only be fully represeneted through magnitude and direction
29
distance
scalar - #
30
displacement
vector - # and direction (global point of application and line of action)
31
how to sum vectors
tip to tail
32
when 2 forces added up are more than the resultant vector
some forces being wasted because the line of action is not in desired direction of movement
33
fornix
the part of your brain that always adds tip to tail
34
fy
perpendicular to the midline of segment and rotates it
35
fx
paralll to midline of segment and either stabilizes or dislocates it
36
body
solid object with a multidimentional volume that contains a stable amt of matter
37
state
condition matter is in
38
state of motion
movement condition that matter is in
39
acceleration
how quickly is velocity changing in time
40
sign of acceleratoin
pos accelerate, neg decelerate
41
w
mg
42
equal change in velocity in equal change in time
uniform acceleration
43
displacement on a AT graph
area under curve
44
longer strides
less steps, lower frequency and increased efficienct
45
gravitation law
always pulls an object directly toward earth - all bodies attract one another with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the squre of the distance between them
46
forensic biomechanics
exert scientific knowledge to legal problems
47
biomechanical plausibility
forces from event imposed on anatomical region are efficiently high enough to exceed the tolerance limits of that region
48
fluids
gas, liquids and solids - phases of matter
49
gas
molecular proximity defined by container
50
dynamic fluid forces
lift and drag
51
static fluid forces and what they are determined by
pressure and buoyancy - position, size, structure
52
buoyancy
supportive force produced by orderly displacement of fluid molecules that are absent initially until fluid rearranges itself
53
if youre less dense
more buoyant
54
density
mass/bolume
55
more volume
more buoyant
56
sum of the forces in the y direction of an object in the tank and which are determined by the volume
- pressure, - weight and pos buoyancy - pressure and buoyancy
57
drag and 4 factors
``` resistive force that results from collisions with fluid molecules obejct cross section fluid density object velocity fluid flow parameters ```
58
surface drag
friction - slows down the boundry layer
59
formed drag
resistance - pressure differential between lead and rear sides which is high in the front and low in the back
60
laminar flow range 1
smooth surface, low velocity, high surface drag
61
laminar flow
straight layers
62
high surface drag
attract fluid molecules to it
63
partially turbulent flow range 1
some formed drag less surface drag turbulent low pressure wake in the back with disorganized flow and decreases support of fluid force from behind
64
partially turbulent flow range 2
higher velocity, more formed drag, little surface drag pressure wake in the back seperation of boundary layers
65
why rougher surface
no form drag, fuller boundary layer to be less turbulent and more surface drag, turbulent flow (full) - keep the support in the back
66
diff surface collison
deflection - gear effect - keeps on bending
67
lift
supportive force produced by relative pressure on opposite sides of an object
68
magnus effect
low velocity and high pressure on top and high velocity and low pressure on the bottom - surface drag travels in diff directions - boundary layer of air spining with the balls surface
69
airfoil
low pressure and high v on top, high p and low v at the bottom, (becasuse all air pockets will finish at the same time - lifts it up

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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