3.6.4.2 Control of glucose

Question 1

Define glucoNEOgenesis

Answer 1

Formation of glucose from amino acids and glycerol.

Question 2

Define glycogenolysis

Answer 2

Hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose

Question 3

Define glycogenesis

Answer 3

Formation of glycogen from glucose.

Question 4

What is lysis?

Answer 4

Splitting

Question 5

What is genesis?

Answer 5

Creating

Question 6

State and explain adaptations of the PCT for selective reabsorption

Answer 6

Question 7

Why does blood glucose rise and then fall after a meal?

Answer 7

Question 8

Why does blood glucose increase in the presence of glucagon ?

Answer 8

Question 9

Structure of the kidneys

Answer 9

Question 10

Structure of the nephron

Answer 10

Question 11

Outline the 2nd messenger model of adrenaline action

Answer 11

Question 12

Where are the hormones that regulate blood glucose secreted?

Answer 12

Islets of langerhan

Question 13

What do B cells secrete? And when?

Answer 13

Insulin

When blood glucose has INcreased

Question 14

What do a Cells secrete? And when?

Answer 14

Glucagon

When glucose is a gone

Question 15

How does insulin lower blood glucose?

Answer 15

Hormone that travels through the blood:
To respiring cells like muscle cells,
and binds to insulin receptors on them.
Causing glucose channels to open
Glucose diffuses in and is used in cellular respiration.
And:
To hepatocytes/receptors on the liver, which insulin binds to and which triggers enzymes involved in glycogenesis.

Question 16

How does glucagon increase blood glucose?

Answer 16

Hormone that travels through the blood:
To respiring cells like muscle cells,
and binds to glucagon receptors on them.
Triggering the 2nd messenger model of enzyme action.
Adenylate cyclase catalyses the conversion of ATP->cAMP
cAMP is the 2nd messenger that activates protien Kinase to begin glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

And:
To hepatocytes/receptors on the liver, which insulin binds to and which triggers enzymes involved in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.