3.6.4 Theories of motivation Flashcards
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
He believed employees have a series of needs they seek to fulfill at work and once a lower-level need is satisfied, individuals strive to satisfy needs further up the hierarchy.
the hierarchy triangle:
TOP
5) self actualisation
4) esteem needs
3) social needs
2) security needs
1) physiological needs
BOTTOM
self actualisation
business gives employees opportunity to meet their full potential through achievement, responsibility and development of new skills.
e.g offering employee opportunity to access a management training programme, challenges and develops to allow employee to realise their true potential.
esteem needs
praise to increase ones confidence, recognition for achievement, gives employees access to opportunities for promotion.
social needs
build relationships through teamwork and social interactions, such as social events.
security needs (safety)
contract of employment,
safe working conditions,
job security,
e.g offering employees a guaranteed number of hours , moving away from zero hour contracts giving opportunity to staff to satisfy their safety needs
physiological needs
when a business offers to pay employees so they can buy food, water, shelter, clothing, accommodation etc… (basic needs)
advantage of Maslow’s theory
it offers the business with a structured approach to try and improve employee motivation.
disadvantage of Maslow’s theory
it assumes that employees will place the same importance on each of their needs as ordered within the hierarchy- this may not apply to all staff.
TAYLOR’S THEORY OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Taylor believed workers were not capable of understanding their tasks and should follow strict rules on how to produce products.
*All tasks should be studied scientifically using a study of time and motion.
*The most efficient way of carrying out a task will hence be identified.
*Each employee can then be trained and instructed in exactly how to do a job in the most efficient hours.
*Workers should be closely supervised
his ideas
his ideas are linked to piece rate, the division of labour and mass production.(produce products on mass rather than individual)
piece rate
A payment system where employees are paid in relation to the amount they produce.
division of labour
Dividing the workforce into specific job roles where they become specialised and therefore more efficient.
HERZBERG’S 2 FACTOR THEORY
This theory tested the view that people face 2 major influences at work (hygiene factors and motivators)
Hygiene factors
They are related to the environment around the job.
He believed that these did NOT directly motivate staff, but without them employees would become dissatisfied.
