3.6

Question 1

What is proteome?

Answer 1

Just as genome means all of the genes in an organism, proteome refers to all of an organism’s proteins.

Question 2

What is gene expression?

Answer 2

A gene’s DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein.

Question 3

What is transcription?

Answer 3

First, in a process aptly named transcription, the information encoded in a specific region of DNA is transcribed (copied) to produce a specific molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Question 4

What is translation?

Answer 4

In a second process, referred to as translation, the RNA attaches to a ribosome, where the information contained in RNA is translated into a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a new protein molecule.

Question 5

What is base triplet?

Answer 5

A sequence of three such nucleotides in DNA.

Question 6

What is codon?

Answer 6

Each DNA base triplet is transcribed as a complementary sequence of three nucleotides.

Question 7

What is genetic code?

Answer 7

the set of rules that relate the base triplet sequence of DNA to the corresponding codons of RNA and the amino acids they specify.

Question 8

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 8

1. mRNA directs the synthesis of a protein
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation. One end of the tRNA carries a specific amino acid, and the opposite end consists of a triplet of nucleotides called an anticodon.

Question 9

What is RNA polymerase?

Answer 9

Catalyzes transcription of DNA.

Question 10

What is promoter?

Answer 10

The segment of DNA where transcription begins, a special nucleotide sequence called a promoter.