3.5 Endocrine system in animals Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.
What organs are apart of the endocrine systyem?
Ovaries (female) , testies (male) , and hypothalamus
What is the general function of hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate many body functions to ensure internal conditions are maintained within narrow limits.
What is one difference between the NS AND ES.
One difference is that the nervous system uses nerves to transmit information, while the endocrine system uses blood vessels to deliver its chemical messages. Hormonal messages are generally longer-lasting than nerve messages because they are transmitted through the bloodstream and affect cells throughout the body, whereas nerve messages are transmitted through neurons and affect cells at specific target sites.
Hormones can be steroids or Proteins are they hydrophobic or hydrophilic ?
Protein hormones are hydrophilic and so cannot diffuse easily across the plasma membrane. Hence, their complementary receptors are on the plasma membrane.
Steroid hormones are hydrophobic and so can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane. Hence, their complementary receptors are in the cytosol/nucleus.
Where do endocrine glands directly release hormones?
Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream that carries them to their distant target cells
What hormone does the hypothalamus produce and what gland does that hormone target and so on.
The hypothalamus releases TRH which targets the anterior pituitary gland which than goes and produces TSH which than targets the thyroid gland which releases T3 AND T4 (thyroxine) Hormones which than are released to various organs across the body and they speed up the basal metabolic rate.
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Secrete t3 and t4
The thyroid gland has the only cells that can absorb …… which is required to produce T3 AND T4.
Iodine. Thus if deficient in iodine decrease is BMR
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
The function of the pituitary gland is to form the link between the brain and other endocrine glands through a series of hormones. As a result, it is the target of a number of hormones produced in the hypothalamus of the brain:
Identify the chemical nature of hormones
Most hormones are proteins, peptides or amino acid derivatives, while the other significant group of hormones is steroids.
Describe how a hormone finds its correct target cells.
The target cells of a particular hormone have a specific receptor that enables the hormone to bind with and activate these cells.
