3.5 Electricity Flashcards
Charge carriers
Charged particles that move through substance when PD applied across it
Kirchoff’s 1st Law
Current passing through 2 or more components in series is the same through each component -> At a junction the total current in = total current out
Kirchoff’s 2 Law
2 or more components in series - total PD across all the components is = to sum of the PD’s across each component -> Sum of emf’s around complete loop = sum of PD’s around the loop
Critical temperature
Temperature at or below which a superconducting material has zero resistivity
electrolysis
process of electrical conduction in a solution or molten substance due to charged ions moving to oppositely charged electrode
electrolyte
solution that conducts electricity
emf
electrical energy per unit charge produced inside electrical source
electron volt
work done when an electron is moved through a PD of 1V
internal resistance
resistance inside the source of electrical energy - loss of PD per unit current in the source when current passes through it
light-dependent resistor
resistance decreases in light
negative temperature coefficient
resistance of a semiconductor decreases when its temperature is increased
Ohm’s Law
PD across a metallic conductor is proportional to the current - if physical conditions remain constant
positive temperature coefficient
resistance of material increases when its temperature is increased
potential difference
work done per unit charge between 2 points when charge moves from one to the other
potential divider
2 or more resistors in series connected to a source of pd
