3.5 Alcohols Flashcards
What prefix is used when there is a higher priority fuctional group on a molecule?
Hydroxy-
What is the C-O-H bond angle?
105°
Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than similar alkanes?
They can have hydrogen bonding between molecules
What is the industrial process for making ethane?
Cracking ethene with steam
What are the conditions for cracking ethene and what is the catalyst?
300°C, 65ats, phosphuric acid catalyst
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the hydration of ethene for the production of ethanol?
Uses crude oil - non renewable
Produces CO2
Continuous, fast process
Pure product
What is the alternative method of producing ethene?
Fermentation of glucose
What are the conditions for the fermentation of glucose?
35°C, 1ats, yeast catalyst, anaerobic conditions
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the fermentation of glucose for the production of ethanol?
Renewable source - sugar from plants Carbon neutral (sort of) Slow, batch process Only around 15% pure product Growing sugar takes up other crop space
What process using ethanol is likely to become more important in the future?
The dehydration of ethanol produced from plants to form ethene as crude oil stocks diminish
What 2 ways is there to dehydrate alcohols?
Reacting with an excess of hot, concentrated sulphuric acid or by passing the vapours over aluminium oxide
What is the oxidising agent for alcohols and how can you tell when its worked?
Acidified potassium dichromate which is an orange solution which turns green after oxidation
What are the 2 oxidation stages for a primary alcohol?
Primary alcohol→Aldehyde→Carboxylic acid
What is the oxidation step for a secondary alcohol?
Secondary alcohol→Ketone
