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HWSF 24 Repeat Class > 3.4.3 Biodiversity > Flashcards

3.4.3 Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of living organisms in an area. includes species diversity and genetic diversity

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2
Q

What is species diversity

A

The number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area

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3
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The variation of alleles in the gene pool of a species

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4
Q

How is species richness counted?

A

counting the number of species in a known area using a quadrat

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5
Q

Why does biodiversity need to maintained?

A

loss of biodiversity means there are fewer species. Loss of endemic species leads to extinction. Some species have not yet been discovered that may be useful

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6
Q

Why is little genetic diversity bad?

A

no selective advantage when the environment changes, less likely to survive, so this increases risk of extinction

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7
Q

Why is increased genetic diversity advantageous for a species?

A

Greater chance of survival as higher chance of having beneficial alleles

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8
Q

Define species richness

A

The number of different species

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9
Q

Define ‘niche’

A

The role of a species within its habitat. It includes its interactions with other living organisms (biotic) and its interactions with the non living (abiotic) environment

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10
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce to give fertile offspring

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11
Q

What does taxonomy involve?

A

naming organisms and organising them into groups based on their similarities and differences. This makes it easier for scientists to identify them and study them

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12
Q

Why are species in the same genus separate species?

A

because they cannot breed successfully to produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

What is the binomial system?

A

first word is the genus name and the second word is the species name.

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14
Q

Why is important that species are given a scientific name?

A

enables scientists to communicate about organisms in a standard way that minimises confusion

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15
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

prokaryote, protoctista, fungi, plants and animals

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16
Q

What is an example and features of prokaryote?

A

Bacteria, unicellular, no nucleus,

17
Q

What is an example and features of protoctista?

A

algae, eukaryotic cells, live in water, single celled or simple multicellular organisms

18
Q

What is an example and features of fungi?

A

moulds, eukaryotic, chitin cell wall, saprotrophic

19
Q

What is an example and features of plants?

A

mosses, eukaryotic, multicellular, cellulose cell walls, autotrophic

20
Q

What is an example and features of animals?

A

mammals, eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophic

21
Q

What does phylogeny tell you?

A

which species have common ancestors with which and how recently they shared common ancestors

22
Q

How does the new three domain system classify organisms?

A

all organisms are placed into one of three domains which are above the kingdoms in the taxonomic hierarchy. The three domains are bacteria, archaic and eukaryote

23
Q

Why is a sample of a population taken instead of counting all individuals ?

A

it is too time consuming to count every individual organism in a habitat. estimates about the whole habitat are based on the sample

24
Q

When is a quadrat used?

A

To sample populations of immobile organisms (e.g. plants)

25
Q

What does sampling involve?

A

choosing an area to sample. the sample should be random to avoid bias, use a random number generator to select coordinates for a grid, count the number of individuals of each species in the sample area, repeat the process as it gives a better indication of the whole habitat,

26
Q

What do related organisms have (how can we prove they are related using phylogenetic analysis) ?

A

similar DNA sequences and so similar amino acid sequences in their proteins

27
Q

Why is courtship behaviour important for the survival of species? Give 4 reasons.

A

Helps to recognise members of own species, synchronise matins, recognise those able to breed, form a pair bond, become able to breed

28
Q

How do you calculate index of diversity?

A

total number of all species(N). Total number of each species (n). N(N-1) / Sum of n(n-1)

29
Q

Give three ways of comparing similarity of different species

A

compare observable characteristics, compare DNA base sequences, compare amino acid sequences

30
Q

Define mean, mode and median

A

mean = average, mode = most occuring, median = middle value

31
Q
A
32
Q
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33
Q
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34
Q
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35
Q
A
36
Q

Can you list 4 different ways of sampling?

A
37
Q

what is a line transect good for?

A
38
Q

what do these stand for

A

HWSF 24 Repeat Class (16 decks)

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