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Cemeg Uned 3 > 3.4 Transition metals > Flashcards

3.4 Transition metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is a transition metal?

A

A transition metal that has at least one ion with a partially filled d sub shell

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2
Q

Are Scandiam and Zinc transition metals?

A

No
Neither element forms an ion with a partially filled d sub shell

They are d block elements tho

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3
Q

Density

Properties of transition elements

A
  • High
  • More dense than other metals
  • smaller atoms than other metals so able to pack closely together
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4
Q

Melting and boiling points

Properties of transition elements

A
  • Higher melting and boiling points than other metals
  • ions in metalic latice are small, bonding between the metal ions and delocalised eletrons is stronger
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5
Q

Reactivity

Properties of transition elements

A
  • Moderate to low reativity
  • Don’t react with cold water
  • React with dilute acids
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6
Q

Why has transition metaks have a variaty of oxidation states?

A

Because of the close similarity in energy of the 4s and 3d electrons

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7
Q

Which element has the most oxidation states and why?

A

Mn

Because it has the most unpaired electrons in the d orbital

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8
Q

What is a ligand?

A

A molecule or ion that bonds to a metal ion by:
* forming a coordinate bond
* donating a lone pair of electrons

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9
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

A central metal ion surrounded by ligands

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10
Q

What is coordiantion number?

A

the total number of coordinate bonds form ligand to central transition metal ion of a complex ion

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11
Q

What shape is a ion with 6 coordinate complexes?

A

octahedral

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12
Q

What shape is a ion with 4 coordinate complexes?

A

tetrahedral

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13
Q

Name a small ligand that can form a octrahedral

A
  • H2O
  • NH3
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14
Q

Name a large ligand that forms a tetrahedral

A

Cl-

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15
Q

Colour of [Fe(H2O)6]2+

A

pale green

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16
Q

Colour of [Fe(H2O)6]3+

A

red-brown

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17
Q

Colour of [Cr(H2O)6]3+

A

ruby

18
Q

Colour of [Cu(H2O)6]2+

A

blue

19
Q

Colour of [Co(H2O)6]2+

A

pink

20
Q

Why are transition element ions coloured?

A

When ligands bond to the central ion, the d orbitals move to 2 different energy levels. Gap between energy levels depends on:
* the ligand
* the coordination number
* the transition metal ion

result of the transfer of electrons bertween the orbitals of an unfilled

d sub shell

21
Q

How can electorns be promoted from the lower 3d energy level?

A

Absorbtion of energy

22
Q

Why is Colour of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ blue?

A
  • red, yellow, green and purple regions of spectrum light energy absorbed
  • blue light is reflected
23
Q

What’s the colour change of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ to [Ni(NH3)6]2+

A

green to blue

24
Q

What’s the colour change of [Co(H2O)6]2+ to [CoCl4]2-

A

pink to blue

25
Q

Whats the colour of [CuCl4]2-

A

yellow

26
Q

Whats the colour of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+

A

deep blue

27
Q

Name 2 different types catalysts

A

Heterogeneous and Homogenous catalysts

28
Q

How can transision metals be used as catalysts?

A

using their partially full d orbitals for gain or loss of electron to change their oxidation states

29
Q

Example of heterogenus catalysts

A

Harber process - Fe2O3 (s) catalyst N and H are (g)

30
Q

Example of homogenus catalysts

A

Amalase breaking down starch

Biochem reactions

31
Q

Test for amphoteric compound

A

Add NaOH dropwise untill ppt forms the add excess NaOH untill ppt disolves

32
Q

Colour and equation

Cr3+ addition of NaOH dropwise

A

green ppt

Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) -> Cr(OH)3 (s)

33
Q

Colour and equation

Fe2+ addition of NaOH dropwise

A

dark green ppt

Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Fe(OH)2 (s)

34
Q

Colour and equation

Fe3+ addition of NaOH dropwise

A

orange-brown ppt

Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) -> Fe(OH)3 (s)

35
Q

Colour and equation

Zn2+ addition of NaOH dropwise

A

white ppt

Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Zn(OH)2 (s)

36
Q

Colour and equation

Cu2+ addition of NaOH dropwise

A

blue ppt

Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Cu(OH)2 (s)

37
Q

Colour, observation and equation

Cr3+ addition of NaOH in excess

A

ppt dissolves - green solution is observed
Cr(OH)3(s) + 3OH-(aq) -> [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq)

38
Q

Colour, observation and equation

Fe2+ addition of NaOH in excess

A

No observable change

Not amphoteric

39
Q

Colour, observation and equation

Fe3+ addition of NaOH in excess

A

No observable change

Not amphoteric

40
Q

Colour, observation and equation

Zn2+ addition of NaOH in excess

A

ppt disolves and a colourless solution is observed
Zn(OH)2(s) + 2OH-(aq) -> [Zn(OH)4]2-(aq)

41
Q

Colour, observation and equation

Cu2+ addition of NaOH in excess

A

No observable change

Not amphoteric

Cemeg Uned 3 (5 decks)

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