🩶 3.4 Topic 4 - 3.4.7 Investigating diversity Flashcards
What are 3 technologies that have been useful for clarifying evolutionary relationships?
Genome sequencing, comparing amino acid sequences and immunological comparisons.
What does genome sequencing determine?
It determines the entire base sequence of an organisms DNA.
What is the sequence of amino acids in a protein coded for by?
The base sequence in DNA.
What technologies have changed the way in which genetic diversity is assessed?
Gene technologies.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ determine different characteristics.
Alleles.
What does a wide variety of each characteristic in a population indicate?
a high number of different alleles - so a high genetic diversity.
What do similar proteins bind to?
The same antibodies.
What will different alleles of the same gene have? What will they also produce?
Slightly different DNA base sequences.
Slightly different mRNA base sequences and may produce proteins with slightly different amino acid sequences.
What does comparing the DNA base sequences of the same gene in different organisms in a population allow scientists to find out?
How many alleles of that gene there are in that population.
As different alleles will also produce slightly different mRNA base sequences, what does this mean?
That they may produce proteins with slightly different amino acid sequences, sp these can also be compared.
What is variation?
The differences that exists between individuals. There is variation between species and within species.
What are two types of factors which cause variation within a species?
Genetic factors and environmental factors.
How can genetic factors cause variation within a species?
Different species have different genes, which causes variation between species.
Individuals of the same species have the same genes, but different alleles causing variation.
What are examples of environmental factors which cause variation within a species?
Climate, food and lifestyle.
What do you have to sample to study variation?
A population.
As same data will be used to draw conclusions about the whole population, the sample has to be random, why?
So that it accurately represents the whole population and that any patterns observed are tested to make sure they are not due to chance.
You can use the _ _ _ _ to look for variation between samples.
Mean.
What is the mean?
The mean is an average of the values collected in a sample.
What is the formula you use to find the mean?
Total of all the values in your data/the number of values in your data.
What distribution does a bell-shaped graph show? why?
A normal distribution - this is because most samples will include values either side of the mean.
A normal distribution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about the mean.
Symmetrical.
What does standard deviation tell you about?
It tells you how much the values in a single sample vary.
Standard deviation is a measure of what?
The spread of values about the mean.
What does a large standard deviation mean?
That the values in the sample vary a lot.
