3.4 Organising digestion Flashcards
Oesophagus
Muscular tube which means he’s food towards your stomach (or back up)
Stomach
Muscular organ where food spends between 2 and 4 hours, breaks down proteins
Duodenum
Part of the intestines between the stomach and small intestine. The food bolus, digestive juice from the pancreas and bile from the liver comes together here.
Small intestine
Organ with a lining with a big surface area to take up particles and nutrients. It also creates a digestive juice containing enzymes for the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates
Intestinal juice
Digestive juice with enzymes for nutrients
Large intestine
Organ with the main function of taking up water. It contains also bacteria to break down fibre.
Rectum
Organ that stores the unused parts of your food
Anus
Circular muscle at the end of the digestive tract
Salivary glands
Organs that produce saliva
Gland
Organ that produces a hormone or fluid
Liver
Organ that break down toxic substances and stores carbon and fats and produces bile
Gallbladder
Organ that stores bile
Pancreas
Organ that creates pancreatic juice (amongst others) to break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats
Peristalsis
Muscular motion caused by circular muscles in the digestive tract to transport food
Pylorus
A circular muscle at the end of the stomach that controls the amount of food going to the intestines
Gastric juice
Acidic digestive juice made by the stomach to break down proteins and to kill bacteria. It contains water, enzymes and gastric acid.
Pepsinogen
Inactive form of the enzyme pepsin
Pepsin
Enzyme that breaks down proteins
pH
Scale for the acidity (low pH: acidic, high pH: basic)
Bile
Juice to split up fats (emulsification)
Emulsification
Splitting up fat molecules by adding a detergent
Detergent
A fluid or powder with the ability to ‘dissolve’ fat molecules
Villi
Finger-like structures at the inner lining of the small intestine
Hepatic portal vein
Vein that connects the intestines with the liver
