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Bioleg Uned 3 > 3.4 Microbiology > Flashcards

3.4 Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, uses, and modes of existence of microscopic organisms

Microorganisms include Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses and Protoctista

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2
Q

Name 6 parts of bacteria

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes 70s
  • Loose DNA
  • Flagela
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3
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

Asexually by binary fission

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4
Q

What are the names of the 3 classification of bacteria?

A
  1. Bacillus
  2. Coccus
  3. Spirillum
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5
Q

What shape is Bacillus?

A

0

Rod shaped

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6
Q

What shape is Coccus?

A

o

Spherical

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7
Q

What shape is Spirillum?

A

/\/\/ s

Corckscrew-shaped

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8
Q

What is lipopolysaccharides?

A

Mix of lipids and carbohydrates

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9
Q

What is peptidoglycan?

A

Mix of polysaccaride and polypeptides

carbohydartes and protein

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10
Q

Structure of Gram Positive bacteria?

A
  • No lypopolysaccharide
  • Thick Peptidoglycan
  • Cell membrane
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11
Q

Colour of Gram Positive

A

Violet/Purple

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12
Q

Is Gram Positive affected by lysozome?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Is Gram Positive affected by penicilin?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Example of gram positive bacteria

A

Staphylococcus

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15
Q

Structure of Gram Negative bacteria

A
  • Lipopolysacharide
  • Thin peptidoglycan
  • Cell membrane
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16
Q

Colour of Gram Negative baceria

A

Red

17
Q

Is Gram Negative affected by lysozyme?

A

no

18
Q

Is Gram Negative affected by penicilin?

A

No - resistant

19
Q

Example of Gram Negative

A

Salmonella

20
Q

After how many minutes does bacteria divide?

A

20 mins

21
Q

What does microorganisms require for optimum growth?

A
  1. Nutrients - agar - carbon, minirals, salts and vitamins. Nitrogen is required to produce amino acids during protein synthesis
  2. Temperature - enzyme function
  3. pH - enzyme function
  4. Oxygen
22
Q

What does bacteria need to respire?

A

Glucose

23
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Break down substrates using oxygen

24
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Respire aerobically but can respire without oxygen

25
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Respire without oxygen

26
Q

Aseptic technique

A

apartus and equipment are kept free from micro organisms, are used to provent contamination of of bacterial cultures

27
Q

Name the 3 methods of measuring bacterial growth

A
  • Serial dilution technique
  • Haemocytometer
  • Turbidmetry
28
Q

Serial dilution

A

is the stepwise dilution of a substance in solution. The dilution factor at each step is constant

29
Q

Total count method

A

is the count of both live and dead bacteria

30
Q

Viable count method

A

is the count of live bacterial colonies in a sample

31
Q

Whats the asumption with bacteria?

A

1 cell divided asexually to provide a collony

32
Q

Whats the 4 stages of bacterial growth curve

A
  1. Lag phase
  2. Log phase
  3. Stationary phase
  4. Death phase
33
Q

Whats the Lag phase?

A

Slow population growth, (cells get used to surroundings), take in water, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, enzyme production

34
Q

Whats the Log phase?

A

Doubling of bacterial cells at each genoration time, optimum conditions, plenty of nutrience

35
Q

What is the Stationary phase?

A

Death rate = production rate
Limiting factors - nutrients depletion

36
Q

Whats the death phase?

A

Death rate exceeds production rate
Shortage of nutrience, lack of oxygen

37
Q

Whats the shape of a bacterial growth curve?

A

S shape / Sigmoid

38
Q

How to calculate how many colonies in a original sample

A

No. of colonies x dilution factor

Bioleg Uned 3 (3 decks)

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