3.3 Respiration

Question 1

Name the parts of the mitochondria

Answer 1

• Outer membrane
• Intermembrane space
• Inner membrane
• Cristae
• Ribosomes 70s
• Matrix
• Loose DNA

Question 2

Obligate Aerobes

Answer 2

Break down substrates using oxygen

Question 3

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 3

Respire Aerobically but can respire without oxygen

Question 4

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 4

Respire without oxygen

Question 5

Name the 3 types of phosphorylation

Answer 5

1. Oxidative phosphorylation
2. Photophosphorylation
3. Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Question 6

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 6

Inner membrane of mitochondria, involves transfer of electrons along ETC

Question 7

Photophosphorylation

Answer 7

Thylakoid membranes of chloroplast, light dependant stage of respiration

Question 8

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 8

Phosphate groups transfered to donor molecules

Question 9

Name the 4 stages of respiration

Answer 9

1. Glycolysis
2. Link Reaction
3. Krebs Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain

Question 10

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm of cell

Question 11

Where does link reaction take place?

Answer 11

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 12

Where does Krebs cycle take place?

Answer 12

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 13

Where does electron transport chain take place?

Answer 13

inner membrane

Question 14

Glycolysis steps

Answer 14

Glucose (6C)
Phosphorolation
Hexose Phosphate (6C)
Triose phosphate (3C) x2
Sub Lev Phos
Dehydrogenation NAD to NADH2
Pyruvate (3C) x2

Question 15

Products of glycolosis

Answer 15

2 Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH2

Question 16

Enzyme used in glycolysis

Answer 16

Dehydrogenase

Question 17

Steps of link reaction

Answer 17

x2
Pyruvate (3C)
Dehydrogenation
Decarboxylation
Acetyl coenzyme A (2C)

Question 18

Products of link reaction

Answer 18

2 Acetyle coenzyme A
2Co2
2NADH2

Question 19

Steps of Krebs cylce

Answer 19

x2
* Acetyle coenzyme A (2C)
Coenzyme A goes to link
* 6C sugar
Decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation
* 5C sugar
Dehydrogenation
Substrate level phosphorolation
* 4C sugar
FAD to FADH2 dehydrogenation + NAD to NADH2
* 4C sugar

Question 20

Enzymes used in link reaction

Answer 20

Dehydrogenase
Decarboxylase

Question 21

Products of Krebs Cycle

Answer 21

4CO2
2ATP
6NADH2
2FAD2

Question 22

Enzymes used in Krebs Cycle

Answer 22

Decarboxylase x2
Dehydrogenase
NAD x3
FAD x1

per cycle

Question 23

How many ATPs is NADH2 worth?

Answer 23

3ATP

Question 24

How many ATPs is FADH2 worth?

Answer 24

2ATP

Question 25

Total amount of ATP produced in Glycolysis, Link, Krebs

Answer 25

38ATP

Question 26

Explain the electron transport chain

Answer 26

1. NADH2 delivers H2 to ETC. H2 splits into proton + electron 2. Electron transported accross membrane in a series of carriers. This provides energy for mroton pumps 3. H+ pumped from matrix into inter membrane space 4. High conc of H+in inter membrane space - creates an electrochemical gradient 5. H+ diffuses through a stalked particle. Synthesises ATP by the enzyme ATPase - OXIDATIVE PHOSPHOROLATION 6. Oxygen acts as a final electron acceptar - creates water

Question 27

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

* No Oxygen available to remove Hydrogen atoms to make water * No oxidative phos * Only glycolysis takes place * 2ATP formed

Question 28

Anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 28

* Pyruvate is the hydrogen acceptor * Pyruvate is reduced to lactate by NADH2 * NAD is recyled and used again

Question 29

Anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 29

* Pyruvate is decarboxylated into ethanal * Ethanal is reduced to ethanol by NADH2 * NAD is recycled and used again