3.4 Habitat destruction

Question 1

Proton donor, change litmus from blue to red, taste sour, react with metals and carbonates, example: vinegar

Answer 1

Acids

Question 2

Proton acceptor, change litmus paper from red to blue, taste bitter, feel slippery, example; household cleaners

Answer 2

Bases

Question 3

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) or hydronium ions (H3O+) in an aqueous solution.

Answer 3

Acid

Question 4

A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH- ) in an aqueous solution

Answer 4

Base

Question 5

The reaction of an acid and a base to form salt and water, where the properties of both are diminished or neutralized.

Answer 5

Neutralization reaction

Question 6

an ionic compound formed from the negative part of the acid and the positive part of the base.

Answer 6

Salt

Question 7

PH

Answer 7

Power of hydrogen

Question 8

Is the scale in which the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) is expressed as a number from 0 to 14.

Answer 8

pH scale

Question 9

is the negative of the exponent of the hydronium ion concentration

Answer 9

pH value

Question 10

A pH under 7 is..

Answer 10

Acidic

Question 11

A pH of 7.0 is…

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

A pH above 7 is..

Answer 12

Basic or alkaline

Question 13

completely dissociate or ionize and produce the maximum number of ions (H+ or OH- ) when dissolved in water.

Answer 13

Strong acids and bases

Question 14

Examples of Strong acids (very low pH 0-4)

Answer 14

HCl hydrochloric acid

Question 15

Strong bases example (very high pH 10-14)

Answer 15

NaOH sodium hydroxide

Question 16

produce few ions (H+ or OH- ) when dissolved in water. They ionize partially , not every molecule breaks apart.

Answer 16

Weak acids and bases

Question 17

Weak acid example (pH close to 7; 3-6)

Answer 17

H3PO4 phosphoric acid

Question 18

Weak base example (pH close to 7; 8-10)

Answer 18

Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide

Question 19

Acids formation: Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in rainwater forming carbonic acid.

Answer 19

Nonmetal oxides react with water to form acids.

Question 20

Examples of fossil fuels

Answer 20

Gas, coal and oil

Question 21

The burning of fossil fuels produce…

Answer 21

Large amounts of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, which escapes into the atmosphere

Question 22

When sulfur and nitrogen oxides dissolve in rain, they undergo acid forming reactions

Answer 22

Acid rain

Question 23

Acid precipitation may have the form of..

Answer 23

Rain , fog, snow or sleet

Question 24

Effect of acid rain on materials:

Answer 24

Stone buildings, monuments, and bridges tend to deteriorate faster

Question 25

Effect of acid rain on the environment

Answer 25

Rivers, lass, soil, and exposed land surfaces become acidic.

Question 26

Effect of acid rain on living things

Answer 26

Slower growth, injury or death of forests, plants or fishes can’t survive

Question 27

Is the capture & conversion of N gas into N compounds

Answer 27

Nitrogen fixation

Question 28

is the process by which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite ions (NO2 - ) and then to nitrate ions (NO3 - ).

Answer 28

Nitrification

Question 29

Plants can take up N compounds to produce proteins. Then, animals eat plants´ protein to make their own muscle tissue proteins.

Answer 29

Assimilation

Question 30

Decomposers break down proteins in animal waste & urine and dead plants & animals, into ammonia so N compounds are returned to the soil and reused by plants, or . . .

Answer 30

Ammonification

Question 31

denitrifying bacteria break down N compounds: nitrates (NO3- ) converting them back into N gas, which returns to the atmosphere, this completing the cycle.

Answer 31

Denitrification