3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity Flashcards
Conservation efforts are driven by…
Impact of losing biodiversity
Kind of arguments given for conservation of biodiversity depends on…
Environmental value systems (EVS)
Arguments about conservation can be based on ______ justifications (5)
aesthetic, ecological, economic, social, ethical
Examples of inter-governmental organisations
UN, UNEP, EU
Examples of non-governmental organisations
WWF, Greenpeace
Direct values of biodiversity (2)
Food source
manufacturing of natural products, e.g. wood, cosmetics, fertilisers
Indirect values of biodiversity (4)
anthropocentric
- Functions in ecosystem - different plants and animals help in different ways, e.g. CO2 capture, climate regulation, pollination
- Natural pest control by eating pests to reduce the need for chemical pesticides
technocentric
- Ecotourism & recreation
ecocentric
- Native peoples’ human rights
Intrinsic value of species
Difference between conservation and preservation
preservation excludes humans from the ecosystem while conservation does not
respective EVS of conservation & preservation
preservation - ecocentric
conservation - anthropocentric
IGO & GO vs NGO - Use of media
IGO: works with media, communicates via written statements
NGO: Public protests for coverage
IGO & GO vs NGO - speed of response
IGO: slow
NGO: can be rapid
IGO & GO vs NGO - political diplomatic constraints
IGO: lots - politics drive decisions more than the quality of conservation strategy
NGO: unaffected, can even be illegal
IGO & GO vs NGO - enforceability
IGO: can enforce laws and lead to prosecution
NGO: no legal power
IGO & GO vs NGO - funds
IGO: national budget
NGO: private donations
When was Earth Summmit Rio de Janeiro what was objective
1992 - objecetive: conserve biodiversity in national plans
What is CITES what does it stand for
Convention of Internation Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- regulate trade and prevent exploitation
2 approaches to conservation
Species based
Habitat based
Species based conservation
- captive breeding & zoos
- botanical gardens - plant zoos, maintain genetic diversity
- Utilisation of flagship species for fund raising
- CITES
Habitat based conservation
- Protected Area Design
- large size for reduced edge effect and more habitat & species diversity
- circular shape for less edge effect
- biological corridors
Edge effect (official)
changes in abiotic factors and competition at the boundaries of protected areas
What are biological corridors, pros and cons
Areas of habitat connecting protected areas
+ Facilitate migration and reduce geographical barriers
- species reroducing outside of area can act as barrier themselves
What is a buffer zone in protected areas
Area surrounding the core restricted area minimizing disturbances from human activities
Acronym for debate around design of protected area, what it stands for
SLOSS, Single Large Or Several Small
Pros and cons in SLOSS
Single large:
- wide range of species
- min. edge effects
- less competition?
Several small:
- more rare endemic species
- more resistant to disasters as some reserves may be unaffected
- more diff. habitats
