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Chemistry > 3.4 Acids > Flashcards

3.4 Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

pH scale

A

< 7 is acidic
= 7 is neutral
> 7 is alkaline

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2
Q

Universal indicator

A 
Acidic = Yellow - Red
Neutral = Green
Alkaline = Light Blue - Purple
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3
Q

Methyl Orange Indicator

A 
Acidic = Red
Neutral = Yellow
Alkaline = Yellow
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4
Q

Phenolphthalein Indicator

A 
Acidic = Colourless
Neutral = Colourless
Alkaline = Pink
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5
Q

Red Litmus Indicator

A 
Acidic = Red
Neutral = (stays) Red
Alkaline = Blue
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6
Q

Blue Litmus Indicator

A 
Acidic = Red
Neutral = (stays) Blue
Alkaline = Blue
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7
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Oxygen

A

21%

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8
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Nitrogen

A

78%

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9
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Argon

A

0.96%

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10
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Carbon Dioxide

A

0.04%

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11
Q

Practical: Measuring percentage of oxygen

A

Use a syringe and react oxygen with copper, once all has been added to metal, use the equation:

Decrease in vol
——————— X 100
Initial Volume

To find the percentage of oxygen

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12
Q

How to find the percentage of oxygen

A

React it with another element (usually a metal)

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13
Q

What has happened if practicle for oxygen percentage doesn’t work?

A

The metal wasn’t heated for long enough or there’s a leak in the apparatus

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14
Q

Element combustion

A

When an element reacts with oxygen to produce an oxide

Element + Oxygen = Element Oxide

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15
Q

Combustion: Non metal

A

Non-metal turns to a Non-Metal Dioxide that is a Gas (Acidic)

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16
Q

Combustion: Metal

A

A metals turns into a metal oxide that is solid (Alkaline)

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17
Q

Important Combustion: Magnesium

A

2Mg(s) + O2 —> 2MgO(s)

Observations: Bright white light and white powder formed

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18
Q

Important combustion: Sulphur

A

S(s) + O2 (g) —> SO2 (g)

Observations: Blue flame

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19
Q

Important combustion: Hydgrogen

A

2H2 + O2 —> 2H2O

Observations: Squeaky pop

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20
Q

Test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint in x gas, if it relights, oxygen is present

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21
Q

Dissolving Oxides: Metal

A

Metal oxides form alkaline solutions

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22
Q

Dissolving Oxides: Non-metal

A

Non-metal dioxides form acidic solutions

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23
Q

How to determine if an unknown element is metal or non-metal

A
  1. Combust it in oxygen
  2. Dissolve the oxide/dioxide
  3. Check the pH with an indicatior
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24
Q

Definition of Acid

A

A H+ donor (protons)

25
Q

Definition of an alkaline

A

OH- donor

26
Q

Definition of a base

A

H+ acceptor

27
Q

Acid Description

A

Acids dissolve in water then donate H+ making the pH less than 7

28
Q

Alkaline Description

A

Alkali’s dissolve in water and donate OH- ions making the pH more than 7

29
Q

Bases Description

A
  • Bases dissolve and accept the H+ from H2O molecules

- Left over is OH- cause the solution to have a pH more than 7 also resulting in it being alkaline

30
Q

Important Acids

A 
Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
Nitric Acid: HNO3
Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4
Phosphoric Acid: H3PO4
Carbonic Acid: H2CO3
31
Q

Important Alkalis

A

Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH
Potassium Hydroxide: KOH
Ammonium Hydroxide: NH4OH
(All soluble metal hydroxides)

32
Q

Important Bases

A

Ammonia: NH3
(All metal oxides)
(All metal hydroxides)

33
Q

Important Ion formulas

A 
Ammonium
Hydroxide
Nitrate 
Carbonate
Sulphate
Phosphate
34
Q

Ammonium Ion Formula

A

NH+4

35
Q

Hydroxide Ion Formula

A

OH-

36
Q

Nitrate Ion Formula

A

NO3-

37
Q

Carbonate Ion Formula

A

CO3-2

38
Q

Sulphate Ion Formula

A

SO4-2

39
Q

Phosphate Ion Formula

A

PO4-3

40
Q

Polyatomic ions in chemical formula

A

Need to go in brackets to work

41
Q

Acid + Base reaction

A

Acid + Base —> Salt and Water

42
Q

Acid + Metal reaction

A

Acid + Metal —> Salt + Hydrogen

43
Q

Salt solubility Rules: Completely soluble

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Ammonium
  • Nitrate
44
Q

Salt solubility Rules: Chloride

A

Soluble except with Ag+ (silver) and Pb+2 (lead)

45
Q

Salt solubility Rules: Suphate

A

Soluble except: Ca+2 (calcium), Ba+2 (Barium), Pb+2 (lead)

46
Q

Salt solubility Rules: Carbonate

A

Insoluble except: Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) & NH4+ (ammonium)

47
Q

Salt solubility Rules: Hydroxide

A

Insoluble except: Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) & Ca+2 (calcium)

48
Q

Salt solubility Rules: Oxide

A

Insoluble except: Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) & NH+4 (ammonium)

49
Q

Reactivity series

A

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, C, Zi, Fe, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Au

50
Q

Reactivity series rap

A 
Please- Potassium 
Send- Sodium
Lions- Lithium
Cats- Calcium
Monkeys- Magnesium 
And- Aluminium 
Zebra’s- Zinc
In- Iron
To- Tin (lead)
Hot- Hydrogen
Countries- Copper
Signed- Silver
Gordon- Gold
51
Q

Observations of acid + metal reaction

A
  • The metal disappears as it is sued up in the reaction

- There is fizzing because hydrogen gas is produced

52
Q

Test for hydrogen

A

Lit splint in gas, pop if hydrogen is present

53
Q

Observation of Acid + Base Reaction

A

-The base disappears as it used up in the reaction

54
Q

Making salt crystals (Acid + Base)

A
  • Add excess base to hit acid
  • Filter out excess bass
  • Salt solution is then collected in evaporation basin
  • Heat salt solution until crystals form around edges
  • Leave salt solution to crystallise
  • Evaporation of water allows crystals to form
55
Q

Acid + Carbonate Reaction

A

Acid + Carbonate —> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

56
Q

Observations of Acid + Carbonate Reaction

A
  • The carbonate disappears as it has been used up in the reaction
  • Fizzing as carbon dioxide gas is produced
57
Q

What happens to the salt in an Acid + Something reaction

A

If it is soluble, it will dissolve

58
Q

Carbon Dioxide Test

A

Limewater turns cloudy if carbon dioxide is present

Chemistry (12 decks)

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