3.3.3. Cardiovascular Development Abnormalities

Question 1

Most common genetic cause of CHD

Answer 1

Trisomy 21 (Down’s)

AV septal defects (endocardial cushion defects)

Question 2

Blue Kids

Answer 2

Left-to-right shunts

Question 3

Blue Babies

Answer 3

Right-to-left shunts

Question 4

Left-to-right shunts

Answer 4

ASD, VSD, patent ductus arteriosus, and AV septal defects

Question 5

PDA

Answer 5

The direction of the shunt is dependent on the resistances on either side. After birth, have left to right shunt because blood is going back into pulmonary circuit for another cycle (pulmonary over-circulation)

Question 6

What occurs during postnatal transition?

Answer 6

• inc. pulmonary blood flow
• dec pulmonary vascular resistance
• increase in PaO2
• increase in LA pressure/pulmonary venous return
• inc in systemic vascular resistance
• decrease in PGEs.