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Chemistry A Level > 3.3.1 Nomenclature > Flashcards

3.3.1 Nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of Formula - Displayed

A

Shows all atoms and all covalent bonds

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2
Q

Types of Formula - Empirical

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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3
Q

Types of Formula - Molecular (2)

A

Actual numbers of atoms in a compound

No indication of arrangement

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4
Q

Types of Formula - Skeletal (2)

A

Shortened diagram showing only the carbon chain and functional groups attached to it (no hydrogen bonds shown)
Each point represents one carbon

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5
Q

Types of Formula - Structural

A

Follows a carbon by carbon approach

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6
Q

Types of Formula - General

A

Relates to a homologous series

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7
Q

Prefixes - Two

A

Di-

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8
Q

Prefixes - Three

A

Tri-

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9
Q

Prefixes - Four

A

Tetra-

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10
Q

Prefixes - Five

A

Penta-

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11
Q

Prefixes - Six

A

Hexa-

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12
Q

Prefixes - Chlorine

A

Chloro-

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13
Q

Prefixes - Bromine

A

Bromo-

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14
Q

Prefixes - Fluorine

A

Fluoro-

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15
Q

Prefixes - Iodine

A

Iodo-

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16
Q

Alkyls - 1 carbon

A

Methyl

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17
Q

Alkyls - 2 carbons

A

Ethyl

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18
Q

Alkyls - 3 carbons

A

Propyl

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19
Q

Alkyls - 4 carbons

A

Butyl

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20
Q

Alkyls - 5 carbons

A

Pentyl

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21
Q

Alkyls - 6 carbons

A

Hexyl

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22
Q

Alkyls - 7 carbons

A

Heptyl

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23
Q

Alkyls - 8 carbons

A

Octyl

24
Q

Alkyls - 9 carbons

A

Nonyl

25
Q

Alkyls - 10 carbons

A

Decyl

26
Q

Prefixes - 1 carbon

A

Meth-

27
Q

Prefixes - 2 carbons

A

Eth-

28
Q

Prefixes - 3 carbons

A

Prop-

29
Q

Prefixes - 4 carbons

A

But-

30
Q

Prefixes - 5 carbons

A

Pent-

31
Q

Prefixes - 6 carbons

A

Hex-

32
Q

Prefixes - 7 carbons

A

Hept-

33
Q

Prefixes - 8 carbons

A

Oct-

34
Q

Prefixes - 9 carbons

A

Non-

35
Q

Prefixes - 10 carbons

A

Dec-

36
Q

Prefixes - Cyclic compounds

A

Cyclo-

37
Q

Types of chain (3)

A

Straight chain
Cyclic compound
Branched chain

38
Q

How are compounds named? (5)

A

Find the longest consecutive carbon chain
Find functional groups and add prefix if there are multiple of the same
Number the chain so lowest numbers are used / highest priority functional group has lowest number
Order the alkyl groups in alphabetical order (excluding prefixes)
Use commas to separate numbers and hyphens to separate letters and numbers

39
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Carboxylic acid

A

Priority: 1
Suffix: -oic acid
Prefix: N/A
Functional group: carbon, double bond O, single bond OH

40
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Ester

A

Priority: 2
Suffix: -oate
Prefix: N/A
Functional group: carbon, double bond oxygen, single bond oxygen

41
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Acyl chloride

A

Priority: 3
Suffix: -oyl chloride
Prefix: N/A
Functional group: carbon, double bond oxygen, single bond chlorine

42
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Nitrile

A

Priority: 4
Suffix: -nitrile
Prefix: N/A
Functional group: carbon, triple bond nitrogen

43
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Aldehyde

A

Priority: 5
Suffix: -al
Prefix: N/A
Functional group: carbon, double bond oxygen, single bond hydrogen

44
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Ketone

A

Priority: 6
Suffix: -one
Prefix: oxo-
Functional group: carbon, double bond oxygen

45
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Alcohol

A

Priority: 7
Suffix: -ol
Prefix: hydroxy-
Functional group: single bond OH

46
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Amine

A

Priority: 8
Suffix: -amine
Prefix: amino-
Functional group: single bond NH2

47
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Alkene

A

Priority: 9
Suffix: -ene
Prefix: N/A
Functional group: double bond carbon

48
Q

Priority Functional Groups - Halogenoalkene

A

Priority: 10
Suffix: -ene
Prefix: e.g. chloro- bromo- iodo-

49
Q

What is an isomer?

A

A compound with the same molecular formula but arranged differently

50
Q

Structural Isomers - Chain

A

Same functional group, different carbon skeleton

51
Q

Structural Isomers - Position

A

Same skeleton, different position on carbon chain

52
Q

Structural Isomers - Functional Group

A

Same atoms, different functional groups

53
Q

What is a stereoisomer?

A

Same formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

54
Q

What is E/Z isomerism? (3)

A

The restricted rotation around the C=C bond in alkenes means atoms can be in a different orientation in space
Z - same side
E - different side

55
Q

How are E/Z Isomers names according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules? (3)

A

The chains attached to the double bond are assigned priority based off of the highest atomic number
If the two highest priority groups are both above or both below the double bond, the molecule is a Z isomer
If the highest priority groups are diagonally across from each other, the molecule is an E isomer

56
Q

Why do Z Isomers have a higher melting/boiling point than E Isomers? (2)

A

They can pack closer together

This strengthens the Van der Waals forces

Chemistry A Level (32 decks)

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