3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define General Formula
An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
Define Empirical formula
Simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Define Molecular formula
Actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Define Structural Formula
Shows the atoms carbon by carbon + attached hydrogens & functional groups
Define Skeletal Formula
Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton ONLY + any functional groups
Define Displayed Formula
Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them
What is the functional group for alkanes?
C—C
What is the functional group for alkenes?
C=C
What is the functional group for alcohols?
C—OH
What is the functional group for haloalkanes?
C—halogen
What is the functional group for aldehydes?
What is the functional group for ketones?
What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
What is the functional group for nitriles?
What is the functional group for amines?
What is suffix for alkenes?
-ene
What is suffix & prefix for alcohols?
-ol & hydroxy-
What is the prefix for haloalkanes? (4x)
- fluoro-
- chloro-
- bromo-
- iodo-
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
-(an)al
What is the prefix & suffix for ketones?
oxo- & -(an)one
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
-(an)oic acid
What is the suffix for nitriles?
-(anen)nitrile
What is the prefix & suffix for amines?
-(yl)amine & amino-
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
(n = 1,2,3 etc.)
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
(n = 1,2,3 etc.)
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
(n = 1,2,3 etc.)