3.3.1 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEM

Question 1

Define empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element

Question 2

Define molecular formula

Answer 2

Actual whole number ratio of atoms of each element

Question 3

Define general formula

Answer 3

Uses “n” to provide the correct formula for all molecules within a homologous series

Question 4

State the general formula for alkanes

Answer 4

CnH2n+2

Question 5

State the general formula for alkenes

Answer 5

CnH2n

Question 6

Define structural formula

Answer 6

• shows the “groups” present within a molecules displayed arrangement
• e.g. ethane = CH3CH3

Question 7

Define displayed formula

Answer 7

• a drawing of every bond and atom present within a molecule
• e.g. -OH group would be drawn as O — H

Question 8

Define skeletal formula

Answer 8

• drawing that uses points for Carbon atoms
• lines for bonds
• doesnt include Hydrogen atoms
• adds functional groups

Question 9

How is the “root” (e.g. HEXane) determined

Answer 9

By the number of Carbons in the longest unbranched chain

Question 10

How do you number Carbon atoms to determine where a functional group is

Answer 10

Number them so that the functional group is on the “lowest number” Carbon atom

Question 11

State the functional group for aldehydes

Answer 11

“- al”
- CHO

Question 12

State the functional group for ketones

Answer 12

“-one”
- CO -

Question 13

State the functional group for esters

Answer 13

“-oate”
- COO -

Question 14

State the functional group for carboxylic acids

Answer 14

“-oic acid”
- COOH