331 Flashcards
Abase
Degrade or humble; to lower in rank, status, or esteem
Abate
Reduce, diminish
abdicate
Formally give up the throne (or some other
power or responsibility
aberrant
Abnormal, deviant
abeyance
Temporary suspension, inactivity
abhor
Detest, regard with disgust
abjure
Give up, renounce; repudiate, recant, or shun (especially formally or under oath)
abrasive
Rough, suitable for grinding or polishing (such as sandpaper); causing irritation or annoyance
abreast
Side-by-side. The more common “abreast of” means keeping up with, staying aware of, or remaining equal in progress with.
abridge
Reduce or lessen; shorten by omitting parts throughout while retaining the main idea
abscission
Cutting off; sudden termination; the separation of leaves, petals, or other parts from a plant or animal
abscond
Depart suddenly and secretively
abstain
Hold back, refrain (especially from something bad or unhealthy); decline to vote
abyss
A deep and vast space or cavity; anything profound or infinite
accede
Agree, give consent; assume power (usually as “accede to”)
accretion
Gradual increase; an added part or addition
acerbic
Sour; harsh or severe
acidulous
Slightly acid or sour; sharp or caustic
acme
Summit, peak, highest point
activism
The practice of pursuing political or other goals through vigorous action, often including protests and demonstrations
acumen
Keen, quick, accurate insight or judgment
adhere
Stick (to), such as with glue, or to a plan or belief
admonish
Mildly scold; caution, advise, or remind to do something
adulterate
Make impure by adding inappropriate or inferior ingredients
adumbrate
Give a rough outline of; foreshadow; reveal only partially; obscure
adverse
Opposing, harmful
advocate
Speak or argue in favor of (verb); a person who pleads for a cause or on behalf of another person (noun)
aerie
Dwelling or fortress built on a high place; the nest of a bird of prey, such as an eagle or hawk, built on a mountain or cliff
aesthetic
Concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste, pertaining to the science of what is beautiful (adj); a sense of beauty and taste of a
particular time and place (noun)
affable
Warm and friendly, pleasant, approachable
affectation
Fake behavior (such as in speech or dress) adopted to give a certain impression
aggrandize
Make greater; exaggerate
aggregate
Gather together, amount to (verb);
constituting a whole made up of constituent parts (adj)
alacrity
Cheerful or speedy willingness
albeit
Although, even though
alienate
Cause to become unfriendly, hostile, or distant
alleviate
Lessen, make easier to endure
aloof
Distant physically or emotionally; reserved; indifferent
amalgamate
Blend, merge, or unite
ambiguous
Not clear, hard to understand, open to having several meanings or interpretations
ambivalent
Uncertain; unable to decide, or wanting to do two contradictory things at once
ameliorate
Improve; make better or more bearable
amortize
Gradually pay off a debt, or gradually write off an asset
anachronism
Something that is not in its correct historical time; a mistake in chronology, such as by assigning a person or event to the wrong time period
analgesia
Pain relief; inability to feel pain
analogous
Comparable, corresponding in some
particular way (making a good analogy)
anarchy
Absence of law or government; chaos,
disorder
annul
Make void or null, cancel, abolish (usually of laws or other established rules)
anodyne
Medicine that relieves pain (noun); soothing, relieving pain (adj)
anoint
Rub or sprinkle oil on; make sacred, such as by a ceremony that includes applying oil to someone
anomaly
Deviation from what is common;
inconsistency
antagonize
Make hostile or unfriendly
antedate
Be older than, precede in time; assign to an earlier date
antithetical
Directly opposed, opposite; involving
antithesis (the rhetorical act of placing two phrases opposite one another for contrast, as in love me or hate me)
apathy
Not caring; absence of feeling; lack of interest or concern
apocryphal
Of questionable authenticity; false
apostate
Person who deserts a party, cause, religion, etc.
apposite
Highly appropriate, suitable, or relevant
apprise
Inform, give notice to
apostle
Pioneer of a reform movement (originally, an
early follower of Jesus)
approbation
Praise or approval, especially formal approval
appropriate
Set aside or authorize (such as money) for a particular purpose; take for one’s own use
arbiter
Judge, umpire, person empowered to decide matters at hand
arcane
Known or understood by only a few; obscure, secret
archaic
Characteristic of an earlier period, ancient, primitive
ardent
Very passionate, devoted, or enthusiastic
arduous
Very difficult, strenuous; severe, hard to endure
arrogate
Claim or take presumptuously or without the right to do so
articulate
Using language in a clear, fluent way (adj); speak distinctly or give clarity to an idea (verb)
artifact
Any object made by humans, especially those from an earlier time, such as those excavated by archaeologists
artless
Free of deceit or craftiness, natural, genuine; lacking skill or knowledge, crude, uncultured
ascertain
Find out with certainty
ascetic
abstinent or austere in lifestyle (adj); a person who leads an austere and simple life without material pleasures, esp. someone who does this for religious reasons
ascribe
Assign or credit to a certain cause or source
aseptic
Free from germs
asperity
Rigor, severity; harshness or sharpness of tone; roughness of surface
aspersions
Damaging remarks, defamation, slander
assail
Attack violently, assault
assiduous
Persevering, diligent, constant
assuage
Make milder, relieve; soothe, pacify, or calm
attenuate
Weaken or thin out
attuned
In harmony; in sympathetic relationship
audacious
Very bold or brave, often in a rude or reckless way; extremely original
augment
Make larger
augury
Telling the future, such as through
supernatural means
august
Venerable, majestic; inspiring admiration
austere
Severe in manner or appearance; very selfdisciplined, ascetic; without luxury or ease; sober or serious
autonomous
Self-governing, independent
avarice
Insatiable greed; a miserly desire to hoard wealth
aver
Declare or affirm with confidence
avid
Enthusiastic, dedicated, passionate;
excessively desirous
axiom
Self-evident truth requiring no proof;
universally or generally accepted principle
balk
Refuse to proceed or to do something
balloon
Swell or puff out; increase rapidly
bane
Something that ruins or spoils
banal
Lacking freshness and originality; cliché
base
Morally low, mean, dishonorable; of little or
no value; crude and unrefined; counterfeit
baying
Howling in a deep way, like a dog or wolf
belie
Contradict or misrepresent
beneficent
Doing good
benign
Harmless; favorable; kindly, gentle, or
beneficial; not cancerous
bent
Personal inclination or tendency
besiege
Attack, overwhelm, crowd in on or surround
bevy
Group of birds or other animals that stay close together; any large group
bifurcate
To fork into two branches or divide into two halves
bilk
Cheat or defraud
blight
Disease that kills plants rapidly, or any cause of decay or destruction (noun); ruin or cause to wither (verb)
blithe
Joyous, merry; excessively carefree (so as to ignore more important concerns)
bogus
Fake, fraudulent
bolster
Strengthen or support
bombastic
(Of speech or writing) far too showy or dramatic than is appropriate; pretentious
bonhomie
Friendliness, open and simple good heartedness
boor
Rude, ill-mannered, or insensitive person; a peasant or country bumpkin
brandish
Shake, wave, or flourish, as a weapon
brook
Suffer or tolerate
bucolic
Pertaining to shepherds; suggesting a peaceful and pleasant view of rural life
buffer
Something that shields, protects, absorbs shock, or cushions
bureaucracy
Government characterized by many bureaus and petty administrators or by excessive, seemingly meaningless requirements
burgeon
Grow or flourish rapidly; put forth buds or shoots (of a plant)
burnish
Polish, make smooth and lustrous
buttress
Support or encourage (verb); a support or
prop, esp. projecting from and supporting the wall of a building (noun)
bygone
Past, former (adj); that which is in the past (usually plural noun)
cacophony
Harsh, discordant, or meaningless mixture of sounds
calumny
Malicious lie intended to hurt someone’s reputation; the act of telling such lies
canard
Rumor, a false or baseless story
candid
Open, sincere, honest
canonical
Authorized, recognized; pertaining to the canon, or body of accepted rules, standards or artistic works
capricious
Acting on impulse, erratic
cardinal
Chief, most important
cartography
Mapmaking
castigate
Criticize severely; punish in order to correct
catalyst
Causer of change