3.3 solids, liquids, and gases Flashcards
solids & what different types of solids are formed by
- can either be crystalline or amorphous
- strong IMFs
- most dense (typically)
- not easily compressible
ions –> ionic solids
atoms (covalently bonded) –> covalent network solid
molecules –> molecular solid
metal atoms –> metallic solid
liquid characteristics
- significant adhesive forces
- fluidity
surface tension
the tendency for liquids to minimize their surface area
results from imbalance of IMFs when molecules on the surface experience inward force
capillary action
rising of a liquid against gravity due to polar liquids with strong IMFs
cohesive forces
forces that hold liquids together
adhesive forces
attractive forces between unlike molecules
viscosity
a liquids resistance to flow
describe what occurs when a liquid has a stronger or weaker viscosity and what the strength and weakness is based on
stronger = thicker liquid
weaker = higher temp
- strength is based on IMFs
- weakness is based on kinetic energy
vapor pressure
when liquid turns to gas in a closed container, resulting in pressure. there is an equal rate between liquid evaporating and gas molecules condensing
heat of vaporization
the energy needed to convert 1g of liquid to 1g gas at the temperature of the boiling point of the liquid
describe when heat of vaporization is higher
higher in polar molecules, molecules with similar size molecules, and hydrogen bonds
density
how compact a substance is
real gas
attractive forces between gas molecules that have a finite volume
ideal gas
gas that obeys the ideal gas law (no volume & no attractive forces between molecules)
polymer
molecule made of repeated subunits of long molecules
- can be crystalline, amorphous, or in-between
