3.2 types of solids

Question 1

ionic solid definition and characteristics

Answer 1

atoms are held together by electrostatic forces (attraction/repulsion) between cations and anions

properties/ characteristics:
- high melting points
- forms a lattice structure
- poor conductors of electricity (due to e- being stuck in place)

determine by coulomb’s law

Question 2

covalent network solid definition and characteristics

Answer 2

atoms are held together by large networks of covalent bonds

properties/ characteristics:
- high melting points (higher than molecular solids)
- can be 2D or 3D structures depending on atoms involved
- poor conductors of electricity

Question 3

molecular solid definition and characteristics

Answer 3

covalently bonded atoms are held together by weak IMFs

properties/ characteristics:
- strong INTRAmolecular forces (covalent bonds)
- weak INTERmolecular forces (LDF and others)
- low melting point
- low boiling point
- poor conductors of electricity & heat

Question 4

metallic solid definition and characteristics

Answer 4

metallic atoms are held together by metallic bonds that form an e- sea

properties/ characteristics:
- good at conducting electricity
- pure metallic solids are easy to bend

many atoms/ elements can be in a metallic solid due to alloys

Question 5

amorphous solids

Answer 5

solids that lack a well-defined structure

Question 6

crystalline solids

Answer 6

well defined structure
consists of ionic solids, covalent network solids, metallic solids, and molecular solids