3.3 Respiration releases chemical energy in biological processes Flashcards
What are 3 processes requiring respiration (ATP)?
Active transport
protein synthesis
muscle contractions
What are the 4 stages of respiration?
Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Where does the Links reaction occur?
Matrix
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Matrix
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
membrane of cristae
What are co-enzymes?
Enzymes released to assist other active enzymes in a reduction or oxidation
What process uses Co-enzyme A?
Links reaction
What process uses FAD?
Krebs cycle
What process uses NAD?
Glycolysis
links reaction
Krebs cycle
In glycolysis what is the starting molecule?
Glucose
In glycolysis what does glucose go to and what is lost?
glucose phosphate
2 ATP molecules —> 2 ADP
In glycolysis what does Triose phosphate go to?
2 molecules of Triose phosphate (3 carbon molecules)
In glycolysis what do 2 PAGL go to?
2 pyruvate
What is used/created when 2 PGAL goes to 2 pyruvate?
2 NAD —> 2 NADH
4 ADP —> 4ATP
What is the net ATP produced in glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate molecules
2 ATP
2 NADH
What are the products of the link reaction?
2 x Acytyl Coenzyme A
2 x NADH
2x CO2 (released)
How many carbons are in acetyl coenzyme A?
2
What are the products of the link reaction?
2 x Acetyl Coenzyme A
2 x NADH
2x CO2 (released)
What is the first step in the Krebs cycle?
Oxaloacetale (4C) binds to Acetyl coenzyme A (2C) to from Citrate (6C)
What is released as Citrate goes to Oxaloacetate?
6 NADH
2 FADH
4 CO2
2 ATP
What is the total ATP gain from 1 molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration?
4 ATP
Why is oxygen important in respiration?
Final electron acceptor in the transport chain
without it the chin would not flow
What stages of respiration occur in anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
What happens to Pyruvate in anaerobic respiration?
Converted to lactate
What is the efficiency of anaerobic respiration?
2.1%
What is lipid respiration?
Fat is hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol
How do fatty acids enter the Krebs cycle?
They split into 2C fragments and join to via coenzyme A
