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Hematology And Immunology > 3.3 RBC Synthesis > Flashcards

3.3 RBC Synthesis Flashcards

0
Q

Precursor cells of platelets

A

Megakaryocyt

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1
Q

Predominant cell in the body

A

RBC

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2
Q

Extravascular form of monocytes in brain? Liver? Bone? Skin?

A

Microglia, Kupffer cells, osteoclasts and histiocytes

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3
Q

Granulocytes that are increased during bacterial infection

A

Neutrophil

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4
Q

Granulocytes that increase during parasitic infections and allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

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5
Q

Responsible for the production of histamine and heparin. Also the least among leukocytes.

A

Basophil

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6
Q

Lymphocytes that mature and differentiate in the thymus

A

T-Cells

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7
Q

CD8. Specifically attack viral infected cells, tumor cells, transplants or grafted cells.

A

Cytotoxic cells

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8
Q

Suppress the immune system so it will not damage itself

A

Suppressor T Cell

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9
Q

Smallest immunoglobulin that can pass through the placenta. Involved in secondary response.

A

IgG

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10
Q

Largest immunoglobulin and is involved in the primary response

A

IgM

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11
Q

Immunoglobulin that responds to parasitic infections and allergies

A

IgE

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12
Q

Protein responsible for biconcave shape of RBCs

A

Spectrin

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13
Q

Percentage of cells in the blood

A

Hematocrit

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14
Q

Protein inside the RBC that binds with oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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15
Q

Produced in response to tissue hypoxia. Produced 90% in kidneys and 10% in liver.

A

Erythropoietin

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16
Q

Increase in number of large fragile RBC

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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17
Q

Folic acid deficiency: vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Neural tube defects: neural deficiencies

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18
Q

Lasts stage of RBC with nucleus

A

Orthochromatophilic eryhthroblast

19
Q

Set of destruction of Hgb

A

Spleen

20
Q

Produced in liver. Secreted into bile and duodenum. Absorbed in small intestine. Transports iron

A

Transferrin

21
Q

Storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

22
Q

Additional storage of iron

A

Hemosiderin

23
Q

Cyclic compounds formed by linkage of four pyrolle rings through methyne bridges

A

Porphyrins

24
Q

Cyclic compounds formed by the linkage of four pyrrole rings through methyne bridges

A

Porphyrins

25
Q

Kind of porphyrin found in hemoglobin

A

Iron porphyrin

26
Q

Site where initial and last steps of heme synthesis happens

A

Mitochondria.

27
Q

Enzyme in formation of d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). What is its cofactor?

A

ALA synthase. Pyridoxine

28
Q

Which is the hepatic form and erythroid form of ALA? Which is feedback regulated and not regulated?

A

ALAS-1 ( Hepatic form, feedback regulated)

ALAS-2 (erythroid form, not-feedback regulated)

29
Q

Enzyme responsible for the formation of porphobilinogen. It contains zinc. It can also inhibited by other metals such as lead.

A

ALA dehydratase

30
Q

In the formation of uroporphyrinogen there are two possible pathways, I and III, which is more common?

A

Uroporphyrinogen III. Uroporphyrinogen I is found more in diseased blood.

31
Q

T/F protoporphyrin occurs spontaneously.

A

True

32
Q

Rate of formation of protoporphyrin is enhanced by

A

Ferrocheletase which can also be inhibited by lead.

33
Q

Genetic or acquired disorders due to abnormalities in the pathway of biosynthesis of heme

A

Porphyria

34
Q

Most common porphyria. What are the most common symptoms?

A

Porphyria cutaneous Tarda. Photosensitivity, abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms.

35
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency associated with isoniazid therapy

A

Sideroblastic anemia with ringed sideroblasts

36
Q

Most common form of anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia

37
Q

Inactivated many enzymes in heme synthesis. Specific enzymes include:

A

Lead poisoning. ALA dehydratase and ferrocheratase

38
Q

Enzyme involved in formation of bilirubin. Where does this happen?

A

Heme oxygenase. Reticuloendothelial cells

39
Q

Bilirubin attaches to what protein in the plasma for it to be transported to liver?

A

Albumin

40
Q

Bilirubin is conjugated in liver into what? What enzyme is involved in this reaction?

A

Two molecules of glucoronic acid. Bilirubin glucoronyltransferase

41
Q

Conjugated Bilirubin is secreted by the liver through formation of? It is stored in what organ?

A

Bile. Gallbladder. Bile: bilirubin+bile salts

42
Q

Conjugated bilirubin secreted by bile is absorbed by what organ? What does this organ do to it?

A

Small intestine. Oxidize it and makes it into stercobilin

43
Q

Blood Bilirubin>1mg

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

44
Q

Blood bilirubin > 2.5mg

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

45
Q

Induces bilirubin-metabolizing system

A

Phenobarbital

Hematology And Immunology (2 decks)

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