3.3 Haloalkanes

Question 1

Are halogenoalkanes soluble in water?

Answer 1

No, C-H bonds are non polar

Question 2

What intermolecular forces do halogenoalkanes have?

Answer 2

1. Permanent dipole-dipole
2. Van der Waals

Question 3

What creates the permanent dipole in a halogenoalkane?

Answer 3

C-X bond polarity

Question 4

What is the most important factor in determining their reactivity?

Answer 4

Carbon-halogen bond enthalpy

Question 5

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 5

A negatively charged ion with a lone pair of electrons which can be donated to an electron deficient atom

Question 6

Give 3 examples of nucleophiles

Answer 6

1. :OH-
2. :CN-
3. :NH3

Question 7

What is nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 7

1. A reaction where a nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to a delta positive carbon atom
2. Whichever atom was delta negative would leave (replaced by nucleophiles)

Question 8

What is the problem with CFC’s?

Answer 8

They catalyse the breakdown of the ozone via free radical substitution

Question 9

What are CFC’s being replaces with?

Answer 9

1. HCFC’s
   2 HFC’s

Question 10

What conditions are needed for the elimination reaction with halogenoalkanes?

Answer 10

1. KOH/NaOH dissolved in ethanol
2. Heat

Question 11

What is formed in an elimination reaction of a halogenoalkane?

Answer 11

1. Alkene
2. Water
3. Halogen ion