3.1 Organic Chemistry Introduction

Question 1

What is empirical formula?

Answer 1

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

Define molecular formula

Answer 2

Give the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

What is display formula?

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Shows the arrangements of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

Draw as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assume each carbon atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

Question 6

What is the suffix for a substance with no double bond?

Answer 6

-ane

Question 7

What is the suffix for an alcohol?

Answer 7

-ol

Question 8

What is the suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 8

-al

Question 9

What is the suffix for a ketone?

Answer 9

-one

Question 10

What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 10

-oic acid

Question 11

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 11

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 12

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 12

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Question 13

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 13

Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 14

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 14

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g branched chains

Question 15

What is steroisomerism?

Answer 15

When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 16

What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?

Answer 16

1. E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about the C=C double bonds
2. If the 2 substituents with the highest moleculat mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z isomer
3. If they are on different sides, it is the E isomer