325 e 2 pt 2 Flashcards
this is the amt of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water
osmotic pressure
this measures the water balance in the body
osmolality
this is the force within a fluid compartment and the major source that pushes water out of the vascular system at the cap level
hydrostatic pressure
the is the force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a CM or vessel wall
hydrostatic pressure
this is also called colloidal pressure
oncotic pressure
this is the osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in a solution
oncotic pressure
_____ is the major colloid in vascular system contributing to total osmotic pressure
protein
two thirds of body water is ______
ICF
the body fluids within the cell is ___
ICF
one third of body water
ECF
body fluids outside the CM
ECF
intravascuar, interstitial , and transcellular fluids
what ECF divides into
the plasma is the liquid part of blood and also called ____
intravascular fluid
this is located between the cells and outside of the BVs
interstitial fluid
this is CSF, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids are all
transcellular body fluids
this has excess fluid volume
hypervolemia
this is excess of water and electrolytes
hypervolemia
sodium follows water, so when there is excess water, there is excess ___
Na
VS for what imbalance are tachycardia and bounding pulse with vascular overload?(which volemia?)
hypervolemia
this has hypertension, tachypnea, and increased ICP
hypervolemia
there is weakness and visual changes with this
hypervolemia
paresthesias and altered LOC and seizures belong to what?
hypervolemia
if you are hypovolemic and have a seizure, you will become suddenly ____ and have excess water
hyponatremic
you see ascites, liver enlargement and have increased motility
hypervolemia
you see crackles, cough and dyspnea
hypervolemia
you see peripheral edema, weight gain, and cool pallor skin
hypervolemia
you see increased urine output and distended neck veins
hypervolemia
you see dependent edema and pulm edema when severe
hypervolemia
you see anxiety, increased vein distension, and premature ventricular contractions
pulm edema
you see a changed LOC, restlessness, and lethargy
pulm edema
you see ascending crackles and cough with sputum
pulm edema
if someone has pulm edema, put the ct in ____ to maximze ventilation and give O2
high fowlers
if someone has pulm edema; get a ___ airway pressure, and intubate and do ventilation
pos
if someone has pulm edema; give ___, nitrates, and diuretics if BP is good
morphine
you want to tell the pt to consume low Na diet and restrict fluid intake with ____. if they have a history of heart disease and impaired kidneys
hypervolemia
tell the pt to weigh daily and R a 1-2 lb gain in 24 h and 3 lb in 1 wk if they have ____
hypervolemia
fluid restriction, labs, and chest xray are the collab interventions for
hypervolemia
what the purpose of the xray for hypervolemia?
reveal pulm congestion
given by provider, take strict I & O, pt education and pace liquids out are
the fluid restrictions for hypervolemia
swab cold water into mouth if you have
fluid restrictions for hypervolemia
you expect to find decreased Hct, Hb and blood osmolarity for
hypervolemia
you expect to see fluid excess, decreased urine Na and specific gravity and BUN(due to plamsa dilution) for
hypervolemia
you want to mon I and O, mon daily weight, and assess breath sounds with
hypervolemia
you want to mon peripheral edema, maintain Na and fluid restriction for
hypervolemia
you want to encourage rest, mon diuretic pts, and put pt in semifolwers or fowlers position for
hypervolemia
you want to reposition the pt to prevent breakdown in edematous skin, and assess bony prominences for
hypervolemia
you want to mon blood sodium and K levels for
hypervolemia
you want to have pulmonology to be consulted in fluid in the lungs if its
hypervolemia
you see sudden weight loss and skin tenting with
hypovolemia
you see dry MM, lightheadedness, and oliguria with
hypovolemia
you see vascular underload and flat neck veins when supine with
hypovolemia
you see rapid thready vascular pulse, postural BP drop with HR increase with
vascular underload
you see syncope and circulatory shock if severe with
hypovolemia
isotonic dehydration is also called
hypovolemia
this is a lack of water and electrolytes
hypovolemia
this causes a decrease in blood volume
hypovolemia
this is also called fluid volume deficit
hypovolemia
you see hyperthermia and tachycardia with
hypovolemia
you see a thready pulse and hypotension with
hypovolemia
you see postural hypotension and decreased central venous pressure with
hypovolemia
you see tachypnea and hypoxia with
hypovolemia
you see dizziness and syncope with
hypovolemia
you see confusion and weakness and fatigue with
hypovolemia
you see thirst and dry furrowed tongue with
hypovolemia
you see nausea and vomit with
hypovolemia
you see anorexia and acute weight loss with
hypovolemia
you see oliguria and diminished cap refill with
hypovolemia
you see cool clammy skin and diaphoresis with
hypovolemia
you see sunken eye balls with
hypovolemia
the effects of fluid imbalance in ____ is greater bc of loss of elesticity of skin
older folk
the effects of fluid imbalance in ____ is greater bc of decrease in GFR and the concentrating ability of kidneys
older folk
the effects of fluid imbalance in ____ is greater bc loss of muscle mass and diminished thirst reflex
older folk
with dehyrdration, you see elevated temp and if severe u can have a seizure with
hypovolemia
complications of hypovolemia are _____/___________ _____
hypovolemic/circulatory shock
drink fluids to hydrate and know signs of dehydration is the ct teaching with
hypovolemia
vomit and large draining wounds are signs of
dehydration
diarrhea or excessive ostomy losses are signs of
dehydration
giving fluid replacement as a collab intervention with
hypovolemia
with lab tests you see a Na level of above 145, blood osmolality GT 295 with dehydration/hypernatremia, and urine gravity above 1030 for ____
hypovolemia
with lab tests, you see Hct increased in _____and BUN increases above 25 with ____
hypovolemia
you collab with HCP to determine fluid volume replacement and O2 management with _____
hypovolemia
as a nurse, you give oral and IV therapy; mon I and O; mon BP and HR; and mon for mentation and confusion to see worsening fluid imbalance for _______
hypovolemia
as a nurse you: weight every 8 hours while in fluid therapy; assess gait stability; encourage the pt to roll from side to side or stand up slowly for ____
hypovolemia
This is GT 145
Hypernatremia
This happens when there is an increased sodium causes hypertonicity of the blood
Hypernatremia
This causes a shift of water out of the cells resulting in dehydrated cells
Hypernatremia
This can significant neurological, endocrine, and cardiac disturbances
Hypernatremia
This is an elevated serum sodium that may occur with water loss or sodium gain
Hypernatremia
Symptoms of this are dehydration and volume deficit
Hypernatremia
Symptoms of this are postural hypotension, weakness, and decreased skin tugor
Hypernatremia
This is treated by cause…with water deficits, volume is _____. If sodium excess, _____ is accomplished with sodium free IV fluids
Replaced; dilution
Hyperthermia and tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension are EF for what imbalance?
Hypernatremia
Restlessness, fatigue and disorientation are signs of
Hypernatremia
Irritability and muscle twitching are signs of
Hypernatremia
Seizures and decreased LOC and absent DTRs are signs of
Hypernatremia
Thirst and dry & sticky MM are signs of
Hypernatremia
Dry and swollen tongue that’s red in color and increased motility are signs of
Hypernatremia
Hyperactive bowel sounds, Ab cramping, and nausea are signs of
Hypernatremia
Edema, warm flushed skin and oliguria are signs of
Hypernatremia
Seizures and coma are EF of
Hypernatremia
Diarrhea and anorexia are EF of
Hypernatremia
Nausea and vomiting are EF of
Hypernatremia
Urine gravity and osmolality are ____ in hypernatremia
Increased