3.2.3.7 Urban Environmental Issues Flashcards
Air pollution
Solid and/or liquid particles and gases in the atmosphere that can have a negative effect on human health and the planet as a whole.
Particulates
Microscopic matter referred to as PM10 (from exhausts, cement dust, tobacco smoke and ash) and PM2.4. (fine particulate matter).
Photochemical pollution
A form of air pollution that occurs mainly in cities and can be dangerous to health. Exhaust fumes become trapped by temperature inversions and, in the presence of sunlight, low-level ozone forms. It is associated with high- pressure weather systems.
Appropriate technology
Technology that is suitable to the social and economic conditions of the
geographic area in which it is to be applied, is environmentally sound, and
promotes self-sufficiency on the part of those using it.
Non-point source pollution
Pollution which is the result of precipitation run-off from a wide range of sources including fertilizers and pesticides from agriculture, and chemicals and toxins from urban settlements. These pollutants are difficult to regulate.
Remediation
The removal of pollution or contaminants from watercourses which have
become polluted.
Water-borne infections / diseases
Infections / diseases caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are
transmitted in contaminated fresh water.
Infection commonly results during bathing, washing, drinking, in the
preparation of food, or the consumption of food thus infected.
Water pollution
The contamination of water bodies or sources including rivers, lakes, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. It occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Brownfield site
An area of previously developed land. The term is used in urban planning to describe land previously used for industrial purposes or some commercial purposes.
Deindustrialisation
The absolute decline of manufacturing industry resulting in abandonment and unemployment.
Greenfield
An area of undeveloped land
