3.2.3.1 Urbanisation

Question 1

Mega city

Answer 1

A city with a population of more than 10 million people.

Question 2

Meta city

Answer 2

A city with a population of more than 20 million people.

Question 3

Million city

Answer 3

A city with a population of more than 1 million people.

Question 4

Natural increase

Answer 4

This is measured as birth rate minus death rate per 1000 per year

Question 5

Pull factor

Answer 5

Positive reasons that attract people to an area.

Question 6

Push factor

Answer 6

Negative reasons that force people move away from an area

Question 7

Rural-urban migration

Answer 7

The movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns/cities)

Question 8

Urban growth

Answer 8

An increase in the number of urban dwellers

Question 9

Urbanisation

Answer 9

An increase in the proportion of a country’s population that lives in towns and cities. 2 main causes:
1. natural population growth and
2. rural to urban migration

Question 10

Green field site

Answer 10

This is an area which has not previously been built on – often in the rural urban fringe

Question 11

Ribbon development

Answer 11

This is urban growth, and the expansion of suburbs, along routes into the CBD

Question 12

Suburbanisation

Answer 12

• This is the movement of people from living in the inner parts of a city to living on the outer edges
• It has been facilitated by the development of transport networks and increase in car ownership

Question 13

Urban sprawl

Answer 13

The spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside. This happens if there are no planning controls

Question 14

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 14

This is the movement of people from urban areas into smaller urban areas or rural areas, leap-frogging the rural urban fringe.

Question 15

Rural-urban fringe

Answer 15

This is the area beyond the built up area of the town or city

Question 16

Suburbanised village

Answer 16

This is a village, in commuting distance, which receives newcomers as a result of counter-urbanisation. It shares some of the characteristics of the suburbs.

Question 17

“Dead-heart” syndrome

Answer 17

This is the result of loss of manufacturing and retailing from the “Downtown” areas of cities which leave a “dead heart”.

Question 18

Gentrification

Answer 18

This is the process by which individuals, or groups of individuals, buy and renovate properties, often in more rundown areas. This is fuelled by wealthier individuals.

Question 19

Urban resurgence

Answer 19

This is the economic and structural regeneration of an urban area which has suffered a period of decline. This can be initiated by redevelopment schemes

Question 20

Bottom up

Answer 20

When local people are consulted and supported in making decisions to undertake projects or developments that meet one or more of their specific needs.

Question 21

Regeneration

Answer 21

Policies directed at tackling social, economic, physical and environmental problems within urban areas

Question 22

Top down

Answer 22

When the decision to undertake projects or developments is made by a central authority such as government with little or no consultation with the local people whom it will affect.

Question 23

Urban policy

Answer 23

Strategies chosen by local or central government to manage the development of urban areas and reduce urban problems.

Question 24

World city

Answer 24

An urban area that has influence over the whole world. They act as global centres for finance, trade, business, politics and culture. Financial and political influence are considered most significant in world city status.

Question 25

Decentralisation

Answer 25

The movement of population and industry from the urban centre to outlying areas. The term may encompass the processes of suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation.

Question 26

Deindustrialisation

Answer 26

This refers to the loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector which occurred in the UK in the second half of the 20th Century.

Question 27

Quaternary sector

Answer 27

The sector of the economy where knowledge or ideas are the main output, such as advertising, computer programming and software design.

Question 28

Service/ tertiary sector

Answer 28

The sector of the economy concerned with providing services.