✅3.2.3.6 - Urban Waste and its Disposal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is municipal waste?

A

Comes from municipal services and activities such as street cleaning

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2
Q

What is municipal solid waste?

A

Includes solid domestic waste and commercial waste

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3
Q

What are the impacts of increasing waste?

A

Multiple risks to human health, respiratory and skin problems
Air pollution due to emissions and release of methane
Contamination of water sources
Loss of recyclable resources, metals, plastics and glass

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4
Q

What is a waste stream?

A

A flow of waste, from where it is created to where it ends up, in landfill, recycled etc

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5
Q

What are the social issues with waste in Mumbai?

A

No method of safe disposal for E-waste, can lead to serious health issues
Large network of scrap traders who sift through rubbish and sell it
People who work breaking down PCs and monitors exposed to harmful toxic chemicals

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6
Q

What is the concentration of particulate matter in the air in Mumbai?

A

2000 micrograms/m3 compared to the safe level of 150

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7
Q

Which gases are in high concentration in Mumbai?

A

Carbon Monoxide

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8
Q

Why is rubbish often dumped in the street in Mumbai?

A

There is no formal system for rubbish collection

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9
Q

What is residential waste?

A

From single and multifamily dwellings: food waste, paper, cardboard, textiles etc

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10
Q

What is industrial waste?

A

Light and heavy manufacturing: housekeeping wastes, packaging, construction and demolition materials, hazardous wastes, ash etc

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11
Q

What is commercial waste?

A

Sores, hotels, restaurants: paper, cardboard, plastic, food waste, glass, metals etc

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12
Q

What is institutional waste?

A

School, hospitals, prisons: paper, cardboard, plastic, food waste, glass, metal etc

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13
Q

What is construction/demolition waste?

A

New construction sites, road repair, demolition, renovation: wood, steel, concrete, dirt etc

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14
Q

What is municipal service waste?

A

Street cleaning, landscaping, parks, beaches, recreation: street sweepings, tree trimmings, general waste, sludge etc

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15
Q

What is process waste?

A

Heavy and light manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, power stations: Industrial process waste, scrap materials, chemical waste

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16
Q

What is agricultural waste?

A

Crops, orchards, farms: food waste, agricultural waste, hazardous wastes eg pesticides

17
Q

How much electronic waste is produced in Mumbai annually?

A

19,000 tonnes

18
Q

How much rubbish does Mumbai’s population create per day?

A

8500 tonnes

19
Q

Why is waste collection difficult for low income countries?

A

It can be the single largest budgetary item, so often can’t be afforded

20
Q

What percentage of waste in lower income countries did the World Bank estimate was uncollected?

A

30-60%

21
Q

Why was Beirut in political crisis in 2015?

A

The overflowing landfill was closed and rubbish was left to pile up in the streets and rivers, leading to protests

22
Q

What are the main problems with landfills?

A

The can release leachates into the soils and give off toxic and polluting gases

23
Q

What were the government’s targets for recycling?

A

To recycle 40% of household waste by 2012