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2023-2025 GCSE Physical Education (Edexcel) > 3.2.3 - Health, fitness and well-being > Flashcards

3.2.3 - Health, fitness and well-being Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three elements of ‘Health’?

A
  1. Physical health well-being
  2. Mental health well-being
  3. Social health well-being
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2
Q

What does the term ‘Fitness’ mean?

A

The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment.

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3
Q

What are the three types of somatotypes?

A
  1. Endomorph
  2. Ectomorph
  3. Mesomorph
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4
Q

Give two sporting examples of an endomorph.

A
  1. Sumo wrestler
  2. Rugby prop
  3. Shot putter
    or similar examples
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5
Q

Give two sporting examples of an ectomorph.

A
  1. Long distance runner (marathon)
  2. High Jumper
  3. Long Jumper
  4. Tennis
    or similar examples
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6
Q

Give two sporting examples of an mesomorph.

A
  1. Swimmer
  2. 100m sprinter (Usain Bolt is an anomaly)
  3. Rugby Player (Backs: fly half, centre, wing)
  4. Weight Lifter
    or similar examples
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7
Q

What is ‘Physical health well-being’?

A

All of the body’s systems are working well, so you are free from illness and injury. You therefore has an ability to carry out everyday tasks

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8
Q

What is ‘Mental health well-being’?

A

A state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential. Can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.

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9
Q

What is ‘Social health well-being’?

A

Basic human needs are being met (food, shelter and clothing). The individual has friendship and support, some value in society, is socially active and has little stress in social circumstances.

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10
Q

What does the term ‘Health’ mean?

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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11
Q

Name three benefits of ‘physical activity’ on you physical health and well-being.

A

Three from the list below:

  • Improve your heart function
  • Improve the efficiency of the body systems (Cardio-vascular system)
  • Reduce the risk of some illness (e.g. diabetes)
  • Help prevent the onset of obesity.
  • Enable you to carry out everyday tasks without getting tired
  • Provide a feeling that you can comfortably carry out activities and enjoy them.
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12
Q

Name two benefits of ‘physical activity’ on you mental health and well-being.

A

Two from the list below:

  • Reduce stress/tension levels
  • Release a feel-good hormone in the body such as serotonin.
  • Enable a person to control their emotions and work productively.
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13
Q

Name two benefits of ‘physical activity’ on you social health and well-being.

A

Two from the list below:

  • Provide opportunities to socialise / make friends.
  • Encourage co-operation skills.
  • Encourage team-working skills.
  • Ensure that essential human needs are met (food, shelter, clothing, social well-being).
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14
Q

What is ‘serotonin’?

A

A ‘feel-good’ chemical released during exercise.

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15
Q

What does the term ‘sedentary’ mean?

A

Refers to a person’s choice to engage in little or irregular physical activity.

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16
Q

Give three consequences of choosing to have a sedentary lifestyle:

A

Three from the list below:

  • Gaining weight/ becoming obese (physical health and well-being).
  • Suffering from heart disease (PH and WB)
  • Suffering from hypertension (PH and WB)
  • Suffering from diabetes (PH and WB)
  • Suffering from poor sleep/insomnia (PH and WB)
  • Suffering from poor self-esteem/confidence (MH and WB)
  • Feeling tired / lethargic (P/MH and WB)
  • Having lack of friends/ poor communication skills (SH and WB)
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17
Q

What is the term ‘obesity’?

A

Obesity is described when someone is overweight and has a large fat content - usually over 40% body fat. Obesity is used to classify people with a BMI of over 30, or 20% or more than the ideal weight for height.

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18
Q

What is the term ‘BMI’?

A

Body Mass Index (BMI) - Compares your weight to your height.

19
Q

How does ‘obesity’ impact on fitness? (give two reasons)

A

Pick two from the list below:

  • Limits stamina/cardiovascular endurance (thus making it difficult to perform any activities of a long duration)
  • Limits flexibility (makes it difficult for performers to use a full range of movement at joints when attempting to perform skills)
  • Limits agility (making it difficult to change direction quickly)
  • Limits speed/power (making it hard to react quickly enough or produce force)
20
Q

How does obesity cause ill health (Physical)? (Give three reasons)

A

Pick three from the list below:

  • It contributes to the development of cancer.
  • It contributes to heart disease / heart attacks.
  • It contributes to an increase in blood pressure.
  • It contributes to the development of diabetes.
  • It causes cholesterol levels to rise.
  • It can lead to injury.
  • It can make the individual feel they cannot comfortably enjoy activity.
21
Q

How does obesity cause ill health (mental)? (give two reasons)

A
  • It can lead to depression.
  • It can lead to loss of confidence.
  • It can make the individual fell like they can’t contribute to society.
22
Q

How does obesity cause ill health (social)? (give two reasons)

A
  • It can lead to inability to socialise.
  • It may make the individual feel unable to leave home.
  • It may make the individual conscious of how they look and therefore uncomfortable in social situations.
23
Q

Describe a ‘ectomorph’ body shape.

A

Descriptions of a ectomorph:

  • Very thin and lean
  • Narrow shoulders, hips and chest.
  • Not much body fat / muscle.
  • Long arms and legs.
  • Thin face and high forehead.
24
Q

Describe a ‘mesomorph’ body shape.

A

Descriptions of a mesomorph:

  • A wedge shape body
  • Large muscle content
  • Broad shoulders and thin waist
25
Q

Describe a ‘endomorph’ body shape.

A

Descriptions of an endomorph:

  • Pear-shaped body
  • High fat content
  • Fat round middle, thighs and upper arms.
26
Q

What is the unit for energy?

A

Kilocarories or calories (kcal)

27
Q

Why do we need to eat food?

A

To provide a source of energy to carry out everyday activities and allow the body to function normally.

28
Q

Why does our body require energy for everything we do?

A
  • Growth
  • Repair
  • Development
29
Q

What is the average daily calorie intake for an adult male?

A

2500 kcal/day

30
Q

What is the average daily calorie intake for an adult female?

A

2000 kcal/day

31
Q

What factors might effect the average calorie intake of an athlete?

A
  • Age of an individual (after 25, the calorie needs start to fall).
  • Gender (men usually need more).
  • Height (Taller people tend to require more).
  • Energy expenditure (The more you burn the more you need; e.g. Michael Phelps consumed as much as 12,000kcal/day during preparation for the Olympics)
  • BMR (How fast energy is being used, it can vary from individual to individual).
32
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

Eating the right amount (for energy expended) / the right amount of calories / eating according to how much you exercise / eating different food types to provide suitable nutrients, vitamins and minerals.

33
Q

List the seven different food groups.

A

1`. Fats

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Protein
  3. Fibre
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
34
Q

What is the recommended percentage your diet should contain of ‘fats’?

A

25-30% of fat

35
Q

What is the recommended percentage your diet should contain of ‘protein’?

A

15-20% of protein

36
Q

What is the recommended percentage your diet should contain of ‘carbohydrate’?

A

55-60% of carbohydrate

37
Q

Describe what ‘carbohydrate’ is and its uses within a healthy diet.

A 
Carbohydrates are the main energy source for all types of exercise of all intensities. The body requires a supply of glucose as an energy fuel and carbohydrate acts as the main source of glucose.
Simple Carbohydrate (             )
Complex Carbohydrate (Bread, Potatoes, Pasta)
38
Q

Describe what ‘fat’ is and it uses within a healthy diet.

A 
Fat is also an energy source and helps carry vitamins in the body (e.g. vitamin A). It provides energy more than carbohydrates - in fact more than double. However it can only be used as an energy source at low intensity (e.g. walking, light jogging).
Saturated fats (usually animal fat)
Unsaturated fats (usually vegetable fat/ oils)
39
Q

If someone has a high fat percentage within their diet (particularly saturated fats), what health risks might this bring?

A
  • High Cholesterol
  • Heart Disease
  • Narrowing of the arteries due to fat deposits.
40
Q

Describe what ‘protein’ is and it uses within a healthy diet.

A

Protein is predominately for growth and repair of body tissues. It also has a small part to play in providing energy. The main source of protein within the diet are meat, eggs, fish, dairy products, nuts and cereals.

41
Q

Describe the role ‘vitamins and minerals’ play within a healthy diet.

A

Vitamins and minerals intake comes from foodstuffs, such as fruit and vegetables. Vitamins and minerals are needed for maintaining efficient working of the body systems and general health.

Vitamins (organic substance - vitamin A for structure and function of the skin)
Minerals (inorganic substance - assist the body with many of its functions, e.g. bone formation - calcium).

42
Q

What is the term ‘hydration’?

A

Having enough water (water balance) to enable normal functioning of the body.

43
Q

What is the term ‘rehydration’?

A

Consuming water to restore hydration.

44
Q

What is the term ‘dehydration’?

A

Excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body.

2023-2025 GCSE Physical Education (Edexcel) (7 decks)

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