3.2.2.2.1 cp relationships and connections

Question 1

are places changing

Answer 1

yes, they are constantly changing because all the factors that create their character are constantly changing

Question 2

historically how has character of a place been affected

Answer 2

heavily affected by local (endogenous factors) e.g mining towns developed where there was natural resources

Question 3

why has the original character of places changed

Answer 3

external (exogenous) influences that have occurred over time. E.g. flows of people, resources, money and ideas to and from the place

Question 4

why have flows of money, investment, ideas, resources and money etc increased

Answer 4

improvements to transport have made it easier for people and goods to be transported and communications such as the Internet have allowed people to communicate with people anywhere else instantly (globalisation)

Question 5

what are demographic characteristics

Answer 5

who lives in that place and what are they like (age, gender, sexuality, gender, religion, education level, birth rate etc)

Question 6

how can a demographic be changed

Answer 6

from effects of changing external flows

Question 7

how can flows of people affect the demographic

Answer 7

local scale example : young people leaving a town (Harrogate) as they cannot afford to buy a home which means there’s an increasingly high proportion of older people

international scale example : migration from North Africa to Europe that started in 2015 that altered the gender valence of host towns as a high proportion of migrants are male

Question 8

how can flows of money and investment affect the demographic of a place

Answer 8

may be by governments or businesses, governments may invest money in specific places in order to attract people to live there, London Docklands Development Corporation was set up by the government in 1981 to redevelop the Docklands area, improved the economy and built environment which increased the population of the area, between 1981 and early 21st century the population more than doubled

Question 9

how can flows of ideas and resources affect the demographic of an area

Answer 9

Ideas such as birth control, reducing birth rate and population size

example : Thailand used population policy to reduce birth rates, government ordered free and accessible contraception to the population, programme was called “Cabbages and Condoms” because the government wanted contraception to be as accessible as cabbages

Question 10

what are cultural characteristics

Answer 10

how people live their lives (art, food, traditions, clothing, attitudes, beliefs etc)

Question 11

how can flows of people affect the culture of a place

Answer 11

new people moving to places or visiting bring their culture with them which changing the cultural characteristics of a place

example : 20th Century the UK experienced mass international migrations from India, Pakistan and other Commonwealth countries. This has created multi-ethnic communities in many places where there is a greater mix of languages spoken, religions practiced and foods eaten w.g Brick Lane in London

Question 12

how have flows of money, investment and ideas changed the culture of a place

Answer 12

fast food companies from the US such as KFC and McDonald’s opened restaurants in China in the 1980s and 1990s and have grown rapidly since, it is thought that eating habitats have changed in china as a result with increasing numbers of people choosing western-style food over traditional Chinese food

Question 13

what specific external factor can affect the characteristics of place

Answer 13

Government policy

Question 14

example of a government policy that has affected the demographic and cultural characteristics of places

Answer 14

After the Second World War the Uk government encouraged immigration from New Commonwealth countries, Brick Lane for example is where migrants from Bangladesh settled, 41% of the population are from Bangladeshi origin and 41.5% are Muslim, this area is known as Banglatown

Question 15

How did brick lanes characteristics change

Answer 15

built environment changed to provide services for the Bangladeshi community for example a church became a chapel then a synagogue and is now the Jamme Masjid Mosque

Question 16

how can international institutions affect culture of a place

Answer 16

because the uk was part of the EU there are laws of free movement of labour this increased migration of Eastern European (especially polish) people into England and areas like Harrogate, Harrogate now has new languages spoken, English language courses being offered and new shops such as the Polish Sowa shop in the town centre

Question 17

how can TNCs affect the demographic characteristics of a place + example

Answer 17

Detroit, USA was a major global centre of car manufacturing in the early and mid-20th Century, with TNCs such as Ford and General Motors, investment from the TNCs gave a massive economic boost with large numbers of jobs being created which altered the demographic by attracting large numbers of migrants, population grew to 128 million, after the 1950s manufacturing relocated to places with cheaper labour e.g Mexico this caused massive population decline (to 700,000) high unemployment and social deprivation (high crime rates)

Question 18

example of how connections between places shape their character

Answer 18

London and New York have been connected to each fro centuries due to their sea trade routes, helped them to become more wealthy and attract more people, new connections of industry’s such as finance and banking because of their internet and faster air travel strengthen their connection