✅3.2.1.2 - Global systems

Question 1

What is interdependence?

Answer 1

When governments, companies, and countries are reliant and dependent upon one another

Question 2

What can unequal flows of money and people create?

Answer 2

Stability, but also inequality

Question 3

In unequal flows of people, what are the pros for source countries?

Answer 3

Migrants may send money back to the home country - remittances
Reduces pressure on services in the country, population pressure

Question 4

In unequal flows of people, what are the cons for source countries?

Answer 4

Population decrease, fewer people, smaller workforce
Looses tax, decrease in economy and skills
Population ages as younger people move away
Many people die on the way, boats on Mediterranean

Question 5

In unequal flows of people, what are the pros for recipient countries?

Answer 5

Greater workforce, boosts economy
Cheap labour
Greater levels of tax, more people spending
Culture, social links
Skilled workforce, doctors etc
Fills low skill, low paid jobs

Question 6

In unequal flows of people, what are the cons for recipient countries?

Answer 6

Increased population, demand for housing, jobs etc
Demand for infrastructure
Can lead to social tension, race riots, unrest
Increases cost for border control
1.53 million detained on Mexico border, costly
Human rights issues, Qatar

Question 7

What is the World Bank?

Answer 7

Organisation of 188 countries who work to promote financial co-operation to reduce poverty, usually through promotion of trade and high employment

Question 8

What is the UN?

Answer 8

Known as the ‘Guardian of International Peace, Security and Human rights’. Promotes development of poorer nations through work with the IMF and World Bank

Question 9

What is the WTO?

Answer 9

Deals with the rules of trade between countries ensuring trade flows freely, in favour of free trade

Question 10

What is the IMF?

Answer 10

Important source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries, main aim is to reduce poverty

Question 11

What is outsourcing?

Answer 11

The movement of labour to developing nations to use cheap labour costs and less strict working conditions

Question 12

What can the impacts of outsourcing be?

Answer 12

Loss of jobs and de-industrialisation in the outsourcing country

Question 13

What is the de-multiplier effect?

Answer 13

Once people have lost their jobs, they can’t spend, so services in an area are lost and the area falls into decline

Question 14

What is the Gini Index?

Answer 14

Used to indicate internal inequality

Question 15

What would a Gini Index value of 1 indicate?

Answer 15

That all a country’s income went to one person

Question 16

What would a Gini Index value of 0 indicate?

Answer 16

The a country’s income was divided completely equally

Question 17

How has the World Gini coefficient changed over the last 200 years?

Answer 17

It has risen, from 0.43 in 1820 to 0.68 in 2005

Question 18

What is an example of product interdependence?

Answer 18

Ukraine’s reliance on Russia for their oil and natural gas, and Russia’s reliance on Ukraine and EU for income

Question 19

How much of Ukraine’s Gas comes from Russia?

Answer 19

1/2

Question 20

How much of the EU’s gas comes from Russia?

Answer 20

1/3

Question 21

What happened in 2002 that angered Russia over Ukraine?

Answer 21

NATO asked Ukraine to join, and the EU suggested joining EFTA

Question 22

How did Russia react to the offerings from the EU to Ukraine?

Answer 22

They offered oil discounts and money for rejecting the deals

Question 23

When did Russia turn off Ukraine’s gas supply?

Answer 23

2006, 2009, 2014

Question 24

Which countries are 100% reliant on Russia for their gas?

Answer 24

Finland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia

Question 25

How much of Russia’s income comes from oil and gas sales?

Answer 25

50%